Small arteriolar vitreous lesions are caused by systemic hypertension and are ranked as the second most common disease causing end-stage renal failure in Western countries (about 25%), and the incidence is increasing in China. The disease can be divided into 2 types: benign small arterial sclerosis and malignant small arterial sclerosis. The following is an introduction to three diseases that are easily confused with small arterial vitreous lesions in the bulb. 1, chronic glomerulonephritis secondary to hypertension If the medical history is very clear, there is no difficulty in identifying chronic glomerulonephritis patients with urinary abnormalities in the first, hypertension in the second; while benign small arteriovenous sclerosis patients with hypertension is preceded by kidney damage for more than 10 years. 2. Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by chronic progressive hypertension and bilateral renal shrinkage. However, there is a previous history of urinary tract infection, and urinary symptoms and urine changes appear before the onset of hypertension; the number of pus cells in the urine is high, and common bacterial cultures have pathogenic bacteria. 3, hematuria type of chronic pyelonephritis Patients with hypertensive type and occult type should be distinguished from other diseases causing hematuria, hypertensive disease, asymptomatic bacteriuria, etc., respectively, by detailed history, observation of renal and urinary symptoms, signs and repeated urine routine, cytological and bacteriological examinations, and renal X-ray examination if necessary.