Although genetic diseases are terrible, their damage can be relatively reduced if prevention is done early. Therefore, mothers-to-be should do their homework before conception and learn about the family history of genetic diseases on both sides in order to prepare and take measures in advance. Genetic diseases are diseases caused by changes in genetic material before or during the formation of a fertilized egg. Some genetic disorders manifest at birth, while others manifest normally at birth and gradually manifest themselves days, months, or even years or decades after birth. Here are a few common genetic diseases and guidance on how you can prevent them. 1. Allergies or asthma. If only one parent suffers from asthma or is allergic to a particular item such as peanut butter, pollen or dust, the chances of the child having the same problem are 30% to 50%, and if both parents suffer from asthma or allergies, then the chances of the child having the disease will increase to 80%. Suggestions: insist on breastfeeding, choose formula with fewer allergens; try not to have pets at home; it is the time of the year when all kinds of flowers open, and there is more pollen in the evening, so children should go out as little as possible, and wear glasses and masks when they go out. 2, high blood pressure and high blood pressure. If one of the parents has high blood pressure or hypertension, the chances of the child getting sick are about 50%; if both parents have high blood pressure or hypertension, the chances of the child getting sick will reach 75%. In addition, if one of the grandparents has heart disease, the child’s chances of getting the disease are also very high. Advice: In addition to regular check-ups, it is crucial to control the intake of fat and sweets, and after the age of 1, make sure they have a balanced diet and exercise every day to avoid accumulating too much fat. In addition, some studies have shown that breastfeeding can reduce the chances of children suffering from hyperlipidemia, so breastfeeding should be adhered to as much as possible. 3, obesity. If one of the parents is heavily obese, that is, suffering from obesity, the possibility of overweight children is 40%; if both parents have obesity, the possibility of obesity in children is as high as 70%. Experts warn that the problem of overweight in childhood cannot be ignored because it is likely to lead to diabetes, early heart disease, asthma and cancer. Suggestions: Parents should first set an example by adopting healthy eating and exercise habits. Children should drink less sugary drinks and watch no more than 2 hours of TV per day. After the child is 2 years old, he or she should have regular health checkups and the doctor should determine whether the overall index is normal so that early detection of weight problems can be made. 4. Diabetes. If the father has type 1 diabetes and has been dependent on insulin or if he was diagnosed with diabetes as a teenager, the chances of inheritance are 1/17. Studies have shown that 20% to 40% of children inherit the disease from their mothers. type 2 diabetes is a type of weight-related diabetes that has a higher heritability. Advice: Stay in good shape and keep exercising. If a child is overweight and has a family history of diabetes, it is best to determine if the child has type 2 diabetes through blood tests after age 10. 5. Myopic eyes. If both parents are highly myopic, the probability of the offspring being myopic is high; if one parent is highly myopic and the other is a carrier of the gene, the probability of inheriting it to the child is also high; if both parents are carriers of the disease-causing gene, although they themselves are not myopic, but both of their disease-causing genes will be inherited to the child, so that the child has two myopic genes, the chance of suffering from myopia will also be high. Recommendation: For most children, a diagnosis by a pediatrician is sufficient. However, for those children with a family history of eye disease, it is important to have an examination done by an ophthalmologist. If a child is amblyopic, treatment starting before age 3 is most effective, so it is especially important to make a diagnosis early. In addition, eating more sweets can contribute to the development of myopia. Because sugar requires a lot of vitamin B1 to metabolize in the body, it can reduce the amount of calcium in the body, which can weaken the elasticity of the eye wall and lead to myopia deepening. Therefore, children with myopia should eat less sweets.