Common clinical questions: 1. What is an incarcerated hernia? Why is it embedded and strangulated? In general, hernias are reversible, that is, they descend into the groin or scrotum and can be returned on their own or easily after lying down or sleeping. However, if the hernia suddenly increases in size and cannot be returned when the intra-abdominal pressure is suddenly increased by violent crying, coughing, constipation, exercise, etc., the child cries and even vomits and cannot have a bowel movement, then an ingrown hernia has occurred. Simply put, it is like many people squeeze out of a very narrow gate at once, but have difficulty going back at the same time. The contents of the hernia are usually abdominal organs, and the small intestine is more common. Long-term and continuous jamming will affect the blood supply of the small intestine, and if it is not resolved for a long time, the small intestine will become necrotic, which means strangulation occurs. 2. Will a small hernia heal on its own and how to treat a hernia in a child under 1 year old? As stated in the etiology, there is a possibility of self-healing within 6 months and very little chance of self-healing after 6 months. Parents are generally advised to pay attention to the presence of impaction and can wait until the age of 1 year, but it is advisable to have surgery earlier. This is because children can tolerate surgery and anesthesia better after 6 months of age, whereas once an ingrown hernia occurs, emergency surgery is required, which is inferior to elective surgery in terms of recovery and outcome, and the consequences are even more serious if strangulation occurs. 3.What types of pediatric hernias can be classified? What are the characteristics of each? In medical terms, pediatric hernia refers to inguinal hernia. Other hernias have their own special names, such as: umbilical hernia. 4. How do I use the hernia belt for children? What are the necessary conditions for surgical and non-surgical hernia treatment? The principle of the hernia belt is to compress the passage through which the hernia comes out. However, we see from a clinical point of view that it is generally difficult to have a hernia belt that fits particularly well. Personally, I think: if it can heal itself, it will naturally heal. If it does not heal on its own, surgery is recommended. Some children who have had a hernia belt instead make the local anatomical relationships unclear, which has some impact on the surgery. Therefore, I personally recommend waiting until the child is 1 year old after 6 months of age if there is a trend of improvement, and surgery if there is no trend of gradual improvement. Once the impaction occurs, the child needs to go to the hospital immediately. If it can be reset manually, surgery can be performed after 3 days of reset, if it cannot be reset, emergency surgery is needed. 5.Is pediatric hernia surgery complicated? It is a routine surgery in pediatric surgery. 6.Can pediatric surgery lead to sterility? It should not. 7.How are umbilical and inguinal hernias treated in newborns? Is it safe to perform hernia surgery on newborns? Most umbilical hernias heal spontaneously by the age of 2 years. Neonatal inguinal hernias do not require surgery if they are not incarcerated. If it is embedded, you need to go to the hospital immediately and operate after 3 days if it can be repositioned manually, or in case it cannot be repositioned, you need to operate urgently. Surgery for newborns will definitely be riskier. 8.Can fetal hernia be detected through prenatal examination? It is difficult to detect. 9.Will pediatric hernia surgery have any adverse effects on the child? Will it recur? Generally, there is no effect, but only if the surgery is not done. There is a possibility of recurrence. Avoiding the increase of abdominal pressure, such as violent crying, coughing, constipation, exercise, etc. for 1 month after surgery can usually be avoided.