Neurosurgery is a science that studies diseases of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system using the surgical approach and surgery as the main treatment. The scope of neurosurgery research includes the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases such as congenital developmental abnormalities of the nervous system, trauma, infection, tumors, vascular lesions and genetic metabolic disorders, and the exploration of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which is a high, precise and advanced discipline in the current medical field. Neurosurgery is divided into six categories: cranial trauma, tumor, vascular disease, infectious disease, spinal cord disease, congenital cranial anomalies and functional neurosurgery 1. Cranial trauma: scalp injury, skull fracture, skull base fracture, concussion, cerebral contusion, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. This is probably the disease with the longest history of neurosurgery and is the eternal object of treatment in neurosurgery. 2.Neoplasms of central nervous system: glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumor, auditory neuroma, intracranial metastases, pediatric intracranial tumors, cranial tumors, scalp tumors, etc. 3. Central nervous system vascular diseases: (1) Hemorrhagic diseases: intracranial aneurysm, hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, spontaneous ventricular hemorrhage, etc. (2) Ischemic diseases: transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, cerebral infarction, lacunar cerebral infarction, smog disease, etc. (4) Infectious diseases: brain abscess, brain tuberculoma, brain parasites, etc. 5, spinal cord diseases: intravertebral tumor, cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, spinal cord injury, etc. Such diseases are mostly treated by neurosurgery in foreign countries, while orthopedic surgeons are often working in this area in China. In recent years, China’s neurosurgeons have gradually carried out the surgical treatment of such diseases. 6, congenital cranial anomalies and functional neurosurgery: cranial anomalies, spina bifida, spinal cord cavernosa, intraspinal cysts, pediatric hydrocephalus, peripheral nerve injury (brachial plexus injury, ulnar nerve injury, radial nerve injury, median nerve injury, tibial nerve injury, common peroneal nerve injury), palmar hyperhidrosis, migraine, facial muscle spasm, spastic slant neck, trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (peripheral nerve) epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease (which are the main diseases treated by functional neurosurgery. These neurological disorders can be treated both medically for relief and surgically. That is, there are a number of diseases that overlap between neurology and neurosurgery. (Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy can be relieved by oral medications, but when symptoms are severe, they can also be relieved by surgical treatment.) Therefore, neurosurgery is elaborated more systematically, comprehensively and specifically than the previous traditional brain surgery. In addition, with the rapid development of science and technology, new technologies and materials have emerged, the diagnosis and treatment methods of neurological diseases have been more developed and improved. In addition to microscopic neurosurgery, endovascular neurosurgery, endoscopic neurosurgery, stereotactic neurosurgery, stereotactic radial neurosurgery, etc. have also come into being. In recent years, the application of image-guided surgical navigation systems and surgical robots has made neurosurgery increasingly delicate and minimally invasive. After reading the above introduction, you understand what diseases are treated by neurosurgery, right?