Neurosis is a common diagnostic name in China, and until now, many patients are still consulting on neurasthenia, and many doctors are using various treatments to help them. In 1869, the name neurasthenia was first coined by an American doctor, Dr. Beadle, who said, “neurasthenia is the depletion and weakening of nervous power caused by industrialization, and is mostly seen in the brain workers of the middle and upper classes of society.” He also exemplified more than 50 symptoms of neurasthenia, including dizziness, pain, chest tightness, irritability, anorexia, insomnia, abdominal distension, etc., which actually encompassed all the symptoms of neurosis. At that time, knowledge was relatively poor, and the fashionable and general diagnosis of neurasthenia was naturally easy for doctors to adopt; the diagnosis of neurasthenia seemed to be much more decent and easily accepted by patients than that of mental and personality problems, and so, at the beginning of this century, neurasthenia became widespread. In the United States, the prevalence used to reach astonishing levels, accounting for almost 60% of all diseases. In China, neurasthenia has also been prevalent since the 1950s, and in the early 1960s, it accounted for more than 65% of psychiatric outpatient visits. There is a significant expansion of neurasthenia in our country. The reasons for this are manifold. In terms of learning theory, China has long been influenced by the Soviet school, which used to divide neurosis into three categories: hysteria, obsessive-compulsive disorder and neurasthenia, and therefore diagnosed most patients with non-obsessive-compulsive or hysterical neurosis as neurasthenia. There is because the diagnostic name neurasthenia has been applied in China as well as for more than half a century, the convention has been deeply implanted in medical education and clinical practice, and such a diagnosis has become a habit. Patients and family members are familiar with and willing to accept this diagnosis. At present, there is a gradual consensus in psychiatry that in order to strictly diagnose neurasthenia, the expansion of the diagnosis must be corrected. In fact, in psychiatric clinics, the diagnosis of neurasthenia has a tendency to gradually die out, while in non-psychiatric departments there is still the misuse of the name neurasthenia and the expansion of the diagnosis. According to psychiatric research, the diagnosis of neurasthenia is more frequent in primary and non-psychiatric hospitals, while the diagnosis of neurasthenia is rare among psychiatric specialists. In the articles searched, it was found that neurasthenia is still being diagnosed in large numbers among internists, neurologists, and psychiatrists. Neurological decline manifests itself differently in different patients. Can all these vague psychiatric symptoms and their pathological mechanisms be attributed to a neurological cause? Is there a measure of neurological strength and weakness? No credible evidence has ever been obtained in this regard.