As the saying goes, “tall people watch the show, short people suffer”, height has a great impact on life, and no parent wants to see their child become a “short winter melon”. At present, there are more and more cases of children who are short, overweight and over-nourished due to various reasons, and many parents are both worried and confused. The so-called dwarfism refers to children whose height is lower than 2 standard deviations from the average height of children of the same sex, age and race, and whose growth rate is lower than 7 cm/year for infants and children under 3 years old, 4-5 cm/year from 3 years old to adolescence, and 5.5-6.5 cm/year during adolescence. Simply put, if parents find that their child is the shortest child of the same gender in the class or has an annual growth height of less than 5 cm, they should consider that their child may have a growth disorder. Children do not grow in height at an even rate, and there are two rapid growth periods in a person’s life, namely infancy (0 to 3 years) and adolescence. Infants grow about 25 cm taller in the first year after birth, 10 cm and 8 cm in the second and third years, respectively, and the growth rate decreases after the age of 3, at 5 to 6 cm per year. After entering puberty (12-13 years old for boys and 10-11 years old for girls), due to the synergistic effect of sex hormones, children’s height growth will appear “leap” phenomenon, which can increase by 7-10 cm per year, and in late adolescence (after the onset of menstruation for girls and sperm discharge for boys), sex hormones gradually close the epiphysis, and the growth rate decreases abruptly until it stops. growth. Therefore, infancy and adolescence are important periods for human height growth, and it is especially important to regularly monitor the growth and development of children, and parents should pay great attention to it. Parents should not panic if they find that their children are short, and should not use medicine indiscriminately. After a detailed medical history, comprehensive physical examination and necessary laboratory tests, it will be clear whether the child is suffering from dwarfism. As long as the cause is identified, height increase can be achieved through standardized treatment. In addition to treating the original disease, children with dwarfism should have a good acquired environment to promote the full development of their genetic potential. Due to the characteristics of growth and development, we should generally ensure 10 hours of sleep per day for elementary school students, 9 to 10 hours for middle school students, and 8 to 9 hours for high school students.