What are the adverse effects of smoking on the onset and progression of diabetes?

  The relationship between diet and exercise and the onset of diabetes and blood glucose control has always been of great importance to the majority of diabetics and their families, and the effects of smoking on respiratory diseases are also well known to everyone. However, the effect of smoking on diabetes has received very little attention. Some large clinical studies abroad have confirmed that the higher the cumulative amount of smoking, the greater the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Passive smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of abnormal glucose tolerance.  Smoking can increase the risk of diabetes through a variety of mechanisms, of which tobacco-induced insulin resistance is the main mechanism. Smoking not only significantly increases blood glucose, but also increases the risk of hypoglycemic events in patients. More importantly, smoking can contribute to the development of various complications of diabetes, such as diabetic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy (smoking can lead to decreased glomerular filtration in diabetic patients with normal or mildly abnormal renal function); and diabetic foot (some studies suggest that smoking is directly related to diabetic foot or even amputation).  In summary, smoking increases the risk of developing diabetes and contributes to the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes, and quitting smoking may partially reduce these risks. Therefore, people with abnormal glucose tolerance or abnormal fasting glucose should not only intervene in the development and progression of diabetes through a proper diet and regular exercise, but also quit smoking. Ladies and gentlemen, for the sake of your heart, your kidneys, your feet, your health, and for the sake of your family, quit smoking.