It is now generally accepted that leukemia is caused by the abnormal proliferation of diseased hematopoietic stem cells in the patient’s body and uncontrolled apoptosis. However, peripheral blood and bone marrow are still different, and in a few early-stage leukemia patients, peripheral blood can even be completely normal. Therefore, if there is any suspicion of leukemia, peripheral blood examination and bone marrow examination need to be performed at the same time, and during the treatment process, the judgment of disease treatment effect In most cases, the bone marrow examination is the mainstay, except in a few cases, for example, in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia patients, the peripheral blood fusion gene quantification is the mainstay in most cases.
Leukemia is mainly divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, and patients have different routine blood manifestations. Acute leukemia is usually considered if primitive cells are present and the percentage of primitive cells (containing naive lymphocytes and naive monocytes) exceeds 20%. Chronic granulocytic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia may be considered if granulocytosis or mature lymphocytosis is present at all stages. Bone marrow smear, bone marrow biopsy, genotyping, immunohistochemistry, and chromosomal testing may be considered at this time, as appropriate.
In general, blood work is generally indicative of most leukemias initially, but not absolutely, and very few leukemia patients may have no specific findings in their peripheral blood. When symptoms are present, detailed tests need to be arranged by a hematologist.