The main blindness-causing diseases are cataract, glaucoma, keratoconus, ocular trauma, fundus disease, especially age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, etc. Childhood blindness-causing eye diseases are also highly prevalent in eye tumor diseases such as retinoblastoma. Some of them can be cured or controlled by active treatment, for example, cataract surgery is feasible for patients with simple cataracts, which can generally improve vision. However, cataract overmaturity stage, with many complications, cannot be treated surgically and blindness is possible. Glaucoma is a more complex disease that requires long-term confrontation. Anti-glaucoma surgery is feasible during acute attacks, and if the IOP is not lowered in time, vision will be irreversibly lost. Patients with corneal ulcers or some viral keratitis are at high risk of blindness if not treated in a timely manner, such as active antiviral therapy or corneal transplantation at the right time. Patients with traumatic eye injuries, which are caused by external forces or sharps, resulting in loss of visual function, are at high risk of blindness, and there are also patients who have been able to retain some vision or light perception through second-stage surgery that allows the retina to be reset. Patients with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy have a high risk of blindness if they are not treated aggressively, usually with laser, intraocular injections and surgery. Patients with retinoblastoma are at risk of having their eyes removed in order to preserve their lives due to untimely detection, but the current development of dressing therapy and surgical treatment has allowed patients to preserve their eyes and the possibility of preserving some vision.