Novel coronaviruses are mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, and after inhalation from the nose and mouth, the lungs are the first to be affected, and the lung parenchyma and interstitial cells are attacked to some extent. The prognosis for patients with mild and common forms of novel coronavirus pneumonia is good, and the cure usually has no significant impact on life. In contrast, patients with the critically ill type often have solid lung changes and may develop varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis during the later stages of recovery. However, the lungs have a repair function and usually improve with pulmonary function exercises, but the long-term prognosis is difficult to predict accurately and active follow-up is still needed.