Famous American movie star Angelina. Jolie wrote an article in the New York Times about her preventive bilateral mastectomy for carrying the BRCA1 mutation gene, causing shockwaves in the medical community, with some supporting and others doubting the practice. Julie’s action to use her personal extremes to wake up the general population of women to this disease is courageous. But from a medical perspective, why did she make the bold and compelling decision to prophylactically remove both breasts? An in-depth analysis and study is needed. Since her mother died of ovarian cancer in 2007, this family history led alert doctors to give her a genetic test, which showed a positive BRCA1, suggesting that she had an 87% risk of developing breast cancer, a genetic component of breast cancer that has long been recognized by the medical community until 1990, when research identified a gene directly related to hereditary breast cancer, named Breast Cancer Gene 1, or BRCA1 for short. In 1994, researchers identified another gene on chromosome 13, called BRCA2, that is directly related to breast cancer, and these two genes, called “oncogenes”, are responsible for regulating the replication of human cells, the repair of DNA damage to genetic material, and the repair of cellular damage. These two genes, known as oncogenes, play an important role in regulating cell replication, repair of DNA damage, and normal cell growth. If the structure of these two genes is altered or “mutated” in some way, their tumor suppressor function will be affected. Hundreds of mutations in these two genes have been identified and have been associated with many other cancers in the human body, in addition to breast and ovarian cancer. Studies of the lifetime risk of cancers associated with these mutations have shown that the risk of breast and ovarian cancer is 50%-85% and 15%-45% for BRCA1 and 50%-85% and 10%-20% for BRCA2, respectively. Jolie’s mother is French-Canadian. According to U.S. data, more than 300 million Americans carry the mutation, with high rates among German Jews, Icelanders, and French Canadians, and low rates among Asians. This is the reason why the incidence of breast cancer is higher in the United States and Northern Europe than in Asian countries. In China, BRCA1/2 genetic testing is recommended for first- or second-degree relatives with ovarian cancer or breast cancer under the age of 50. Does a positive test mean that a preventive mastectomy is necessary? It’s hard to say yes or no. Doctors told Jolie that she had detected some type or types of mutation in the gene and that her risk was as high as 87%, plus her mother died of ovarian cancer and Jolie, then 37, took a preventive bilateral mastectomy with the support of her husband. As a Hollywood star, many people were taken aback! The surgery was perfect and the ending was ideal. However, it is not only the surgical technique of removing the breast, but also the complexity of reconstructing the breast and the expensive medical costs. The average woman is under the pressure of both, and it is more important for them to pay attention to the possibility of this cancer occurring, to have regular medical checkups, and to achieve the three early stages: early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment.