Coronary artery disease is a coronary heart disease that seriously endangers human health due to its high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence in China is increasing year by year. The heart’s own blood supply is accomplished by the coronary arteries, which open directly at the root of the aorta and have various branches located on the surface of the heart, delivering blood to the heart and providing it with the nutrients and oxygen it needs for its own activities, thus ensuring the normal function of the heart. There are three main branches of the coronary arteries, namely the anterior descending branch, the gyrus branch and the right coronary branch. As a result of atherosclerosis or vasospasm or other diseases involving the coronary arteries, the lumen of the coronary arteries becomes narrowed, causing an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, which leads to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia or even necrosis, i.e. coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease susceptibility factors or risk factors: 1, age: coronary heart disease is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly, and age is closely related, the onset increases with age, the degree also increases with age. 2, gender: coronary heart disease is mostly seen in men, the ratio of men to women is about 2.5:1, but the incidence of women to men after menopause, the incidence is comparable. 3, hyperlipidemia: high prevalence of coronary heart disease in people with high blood lipids. Especially those with high cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein content have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease. 4, hypertension: the prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with hypertension is about 2-3 times higher than in people with normal blood pressure. 5, smoking: smoking has a negative impact on cardiovascular, it is second only to hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as the third most important risk factor for coronary heart disease. 6, diabetes: clinical research shows that diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease than the normal population. 7, genetic factors: genetic factors may cause metabolic defects, hyperlipidemia, endothelial damage, obesity, hypertension, etc. 8, weight: the incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly higher in obese people. Symptoms of coronary heart disease: In general, physical labor, emotional excitement, full meals or after cold, the burden on the heart increases, making the heart ischemia and hypoxia aggravated, which can induce the production of angina pectoris. The typical onset is sudden onset of pain, mostly occurring during physical labor or emotional excitement, after cold or a full meal, and the pain is located after the upper or middle part of the sternum, and may radiate to the left shoulder, left upper limb, and straight to the little finger and ring finger. The pain is mostly crushing, suffocating or smothering in nature. Each episode lasts less than 5 minutes, and occasionally lasts as long as 15 minutes. The pain may be relieved immediately by forcing the patient to stop activity, rest, or use nitrates. In severe cases, the pain may occur at rest or at night, and may be located in the upper abdomen or back. If the attack is a “variant angina”, it is characterized by chest pain at rest, often recurring in the second half of the night or early morning or at other fixed times, with a long duration of attack, up to 15-20 minutes; no angina during labor, with some electrocardiographic changes during the attack. If the coronary artery is completely blocked, making the heart ischemic for a longer period of time and necrosis occurs, that is, acute myocardial infarction. Pain is the most prominent early symptom, and its nature is basically the same as that of angina, but more intense, often for several hours to several days. It cannot be relieved by rest or oral nitroglycerin, and the patient is often irritable and fearful. Treatment of coronary artery disease: There are three main treatment options: conservative drug therapy, coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. For a small number of patients with mild coronary artery lesions, minor stenosis, and few coronary artery branches involved, simple drug therapy is sufficient. The main drugs are: 1. Coronary artery dilation drugs, which can dilate coronary arteries, prevent coronary artery spasm, prevent or relieve angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Representative drugs are nitroglycerin; 2, anti-platelet agglutination drugs. The most commonly used is aspirin, which is cheap and easy to obtain, with low side effects and easy for long-term application. In addition, there are other anti-platelet agglutination drugs, such as Bolivar, etc.; 3, β-adrenergic blockers, which can reduce the heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, prevent myocardial ischemia and prevent sudden death. The representative drugs are betalac; 4, calcium antagonists, the representative drugs are diltiazem; 5, anti-arrhythmic drugs, if combined with arrhythmias apply; 6, other anti-hypertensive drugs and drugs to regulate blood sugar, lipids, to control blood pressure, blood sugar, lipids, so as to slow down the progress of atherosclerotic lesions, slow down the process of coronary artery lesions. Coronary intervention: If the coronary artery lesion is only localized in the branch vessels, the scope is not long, and the openings of other branches are not involved, such patients can be treated with coronary intervention by internal medicine doctors. The advantages of coronary intervention are that it is less invasive, quicker to recover, and easier to be accepted by patients. However, its indications are narrow and it is difficult to deal with complex coronary artery lesions such as left main stem lesions, multi-branch lesions, long segment lesions, complete blockage of vessels, small vessels and distal stenosis, while the late thrombosis and restenosis caused by it still cannot be ignored. Coronary artery bypass grafting: The most common bridge vessels are the autologous internal mammary artery, saphenous vein, radial artery, in addition to the right gastric omental artery, cephalic brachial vein and other materials. It is suitable for patients with complex coronary artery lesions such as left main lesions, multi-branch lesions, long segment lesions, complete blockage of the vessel, thin branches, distal coronary stenosis, wall calcification, restenosis after stenting, complications of interventional treatment, and other metabolic diseases such as combined diabetes mellitus. With the continuous maturation of technology, the rapid development of non-stop bypass technology, the development of minimally invasive surgery, the application of endoscopic technology, the improvement of preoperative evaluation and preparation, the improvement of intraoperative myocardial perfusion protection technology, the importance of intraoperative and postoperative protection and maintenance of bridge vessels, and the improvement of postoperative monitoring level, the mortality rate of the operation has been greatly reduced. The biggest disadvantage of coronary artery bypass grafting is that it is more traumatic. However, in recent years, with the progress of surgical technology, the rapid popularization of non-stop bypass technology, the development of minimally invasive technology, lumpectomy to strip the saphenous vein, thoracoscopic completion of the internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending branch anastomosis, robotic minimally invasive bypass technology, etc. have significantly reduced trauma, reduced surgical risk, increased patient survival, greatly reduced surgical mortality, significantly improved quality of life, and significantly reduced postoperative complications.