Sudden death, drowning, electrocution, asphyxiation, poisoning, and blood loss often cause cardiac arrest. First aid for cardiac and respiratory arrest, referred to as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mainly includes chest compression and artificial respiration. Emergency points: 1, identify cardiac arrest: for sudden collapse, unconscious, witnesses should first tap the patient’s shoulders and loudly call the patient, while observing whether the patient is breathing or there is abnormal breathing, if the patient does not respond and there is no respiratory signs such as chest heaving or the presence of near-death-like wheezing, the patient can be judged to be in cardiac arrest, and the local emergency response system should be activated urgently, such as calling the emergency telephone “120”. Then start first aid and give the patient CPR. 2, external chest compression method: for call no response and no breathing or near-death gasping patients, non-professional first responders do not need to judge the pulse again, the rescuer moves the middle finger of the hand close to the patient’s lower limb (also called positioning hand) along the patient’s rib edge from the bottom up to the rib edge rendezvous, extends the index finger and middle finger side by side, the root of the palm of the other hand is placed next to these two fingers, and then the positioning hand is stacked on the back of this hand, the fingers are interlocked, stick to the wrist Stilted fingers, fingers stilted do not press to the thoracic ribs, to the hip joint (large crotch) force, elbow joint straight downward pressure (vertical force), palm pressure depth of more than 5 cm (adult patients), the speed of at least 100 times per minute, after the pressure to let the thorax completely rebound, to reduce the interruption of pressure. 3.Artificial respiration method: open the airway by pressing the forehead and lifting the chin (one hand presses the patient’s forehead, the index finger and middle finger of the other hand hold his chin so that the head is tilted back), pinch the patient’s nostrils with the thumb and index finger, take in enough air, wrap the mouth tightly around the patient’s mouth, blow the air into the patient’s mouth with medium force, do not leak air, and blow for 1 second. Stop blowing when you see the patient’s chest rise and fall, leave the patient’s mouth and lips, release the fingers, and then turn the rescuer’s head sideways to inhale fresh air. Perform 2 consecutive artificial respirations. Avoid hyperventilation. 4, continuous implementation of compressions on the patient: ventilation ratio of 30:2 CPR, try not to stop until the patient regains breathing, pulse, or a professional first responder arrives on the scene. Warm tips: 1, for male patients, the midpoint of the nipple line can be used as the location of compressions for rapid positioning. 2.High quality chest compressions are extremely important for patients in cardiac arrest, and the key points include the depth of compressions should be more than 5 cm, the speed of compressions should be at least 100 times/minute, the thorax should be completely rebounded after compressions, the interruption of compressions should be reduced, and hyperventilation should be avoided. 3, if the rescuer is unwilling to perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration on the patient, the patient can be given uninterrupted continuous chest compressions until the patient resumes breathing and heartbeat or professional emergency personnel arrive at the scene. Studies have shown that for cardiac arrest caused by heart disease, the survival rate of CPR with chest compressions alone is similar to that of CPR with simultaneous compressions and artificial respiration. 4, adult CPR simplified process: patient unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping; call 120 emergency number; start CPR (compressions: ventilation 30:2); heartbeat and breathing resume or emergency personnel arrive.