Most children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are in the immune tolerance period, and most of them have no obvious symptoms and can be treated without antiviral therapy for the time being, but they must be followed up regularly. However, there are a few infected children who have early onset of symptoms and develop clinical manifestations such as liver function abnormalities, which may even lead to inability to attend school normally, and such children should be considered for antiviral therapy. However, due to the young age of pediatric patients, there are fewer drugs available for treatment, so the indications for treatment should be strict, and the indications and course of treatment can be referred to adult patients. In the United States, drugs currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric patients include generic interferon IFNα (2-17 years), lamivudine (2-17 years), and adefovir (12-17 years). Moreover, foreign studies have shown that antiviral efficacy in children is similar to that in adults. In China, the 2010 edition of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B states that children with chronic hepatitis B who are 12 years of age or older (weight ≥ 35 kg) can be treated with interferon. The indications, efficacy and safety of its common interferon IFNα treatment are similar to those of adults, with a dose of 3-6 MU/m2 body surface area and a maximum dose of no more than 10 MU/m2 body surface area. Lamivudine or adefovir can also be administered at adult doses and regimens with full communication with the child and parents about the benefits and risks associated with the drug and informed consent. Combination therapy with adefovir may be considered when resistance variants to lamivudine occur in children over 12 years of age. For children aged 2-11 years, which is not clearly recommended in our Guidelines, antiviral therapy with plain interferon IFNα or lamivudine should be administered with full communication with the child and his parents to understand the benefits and risks associated with the drug and with informed consent. The use of interferon is the same as described above for children over 12 years of age, while the daily dosage of lamivudine can be calculated based on body weight according to foreign experience, i.e. 3 mg/kg, up to the maximum adult dose.