For massive pericardial effusions, treatment by pericardiocentesis and drainage may be considered. Pericardiocentesis and drainage is an ultrasound-mediated procedure in which a patient with a large amount of pericardial fluid is treated by percutaneous puncture with a puncture needle in an area not covered by pleural or lung tissue, and the abnormal fluid in the pericardium is aspirated or drained out through a drainage tube to relieve the symptoms of cardiac tamponade or to eliminate the pericardial fluid to achieve a therapeutic effect. With the above procedure, the patient’s symptoms can be significantly relieved after surgery, but it is important to pay attention to postoperative complications during pericardial effusion surgery, such as vasovagal reflex, arrhythmia, acute pulmonary edema or gas embolism, etc. Close postoperative observation and care must be performed, continuous cardiac monitoring should be given, and attention should be paid to the presence of effusion in the puncture, and pericardial effusion and drainage should be watched. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations should be routinely performed after surgery.