In the past, when mentioning the cause of uremia, people would first think of glomerulonephritis and consider various primary glomerulonephritis as the culprit of uremia. However, in recent years, with the development of social economy and the improvement of living standard, the disease spectrum of kidney disease is also quietly changing. Epidemiological surveys suggest that although the etiological composition of patients with chronic kidney disease in China is still dominated by primary glomerulonephritis, the proportion of secondary kidney damage caused by other diseases represented by diabetes and hypertension is increasing year by year. Similar to developed countries, in the near future, various secondary kidney diseases will become the most important cause of uremia in China. So what are the common secondary kidney damage factors? They mainly include diabetes, hypertension, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, various malignant tumors, urinary stones and the use of various kidney damaging drugs (such as non-steroidal antipyretic and analgesic drugs, aminoglycoside antibiotics, etc.). In fact, renal function damage is a dynamic development process, and if the above causes are not controlled in a timely and effective manner, renal function can progressively diminish as renal damage continues to worsen, eventually leading to chronic renal failure (i.e. uremia). However, early scientific treatment can still effectively slow down or control the rate of progression of renal impairment. Although secondary kidney damage mostly has a cause and can be prevented and treated early. But unfortunately, in daily life, there are still many patients, even if they have developed renal impairment, still fail to pay enough attention to it, and promptly go to a kidney specialist, and wait until the late stage of uremia before they are forced to receive dialysis treatment, which is deplorable. In fact, renal impairment is a very specialized type of disease, and not only patients with primary glomerulonephritis need to go to the nephrology department for treatment. Regardless of the cause of kidney damage, patients must go to a hospital with a kidney specialist to receive a detailed examination in order to get a good treatment plan. Also get some knowledge about self-care points of kidney disease, dietary regimen and other related knowledge so as to better cooperate with physicians for treatment and maximize the protection of their kidneys. In addition, uremia itself is a systemic disease, which can involve all organs of the body. With the progressive deterioration of chronic renal failure, patients can develop renal anemia, abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, renal bone disease, heart failure, pericarditis, uremic pneumonia, and a series of other complications, so the treatment of uremic syndrome is very complex and highly specialized. At present, for various causes of renal impairment, treatment is individualized and integrated. We need to choose targeted interventions according to the different causes of patients to delay the progression of renal damage as much as possible, such as strict control of blood pressure, blood sugar, low protein diet, control of proteinuria, discontinuation of various drugs for renal damage, etc. We also need to arrange various treatment measures according to the different periods of renal failure, such as timely correction of anemia and calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, control of hyperparathyroidism, prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and preparation of renal replacement therapy. prevention, preparation of renal replacement therapy, etc. Therefore, chronic renal impairment is not terrible, as long as timely and adequate professional treatment is obtained, patients with uremia can strive for a lasting and good quality of life.