Diet is the foundation of diabetes treatment and is required regardless of the type or severity of the disease. In milder cases, diet therapy can improve the condition and even control it without medication. In addition to the benefits of diet therapy for blood sugar control, it also helps to lose weight, lower blood pressure and blood lipids. The dietary treatment of branched urine disease includes the question of which diet to choose and how much to eat. The latter belongs to nutritional calculations and can be found in many books, here we will only talk about which food choices are appropriate for diabetics. Food should choose: brown rice, coarse grains, because coarse grains (such as oat noodles, buckwheat noodles, oat noodles, cornmeal, etc.) are rich in dietary fiber, B vitamins and a variety of trace elements, long-term consumption of diabetic patients can receive the effect of reducing blood sugar and blood lipids. Protein should first choose lean meat, fish and shrimp, poultry and eggs and dairy products without sugar; followed by beans and a variety of soy products, and again a small part of the rice and flour. Fat should choose peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, tea oil and so on. In addition, you should also eat some food containing crude fiber, such as green vegetables, fruit peel, wheat bran, corn bran, seaweed, etc. Since humans do not have digestive enzymes for crude fiber, it is not digested and absorbed after eating and does not produce heat. Research proves that crude fiber can improve the condition, is good for lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, improving constipation, and has a preventive effect on coronary heart disease and colon cancer. Diabetic patients with hyperphagia have a feeling of fullness after eating, which helps to eliminate hunger. In addition, bitter melon, onion, mushroom, grapefruit, water spinach, pumpkin, etc. have a definite auxiliary hypoglycemic effect and are ideal foods for diabetics. Relatively contraindicated foods: are high-fat foods and high cholesterol foods. Diabetic patients are prone to hyperlipidemia, which is the basis for many chronic complications, so the intake of cholesterol must be strictly limited. Foods with high cholesterol include animal oil, butter, cream, fatty meat, animal offal and brain marrow, egg yolk, puffed eggs, etc. Absolutely forbidden foods: are foods containing large amounts of simple sugars (such as glucose and sucrose) because they contain large amounts of sugar, which directly affects blood sugar and is very detrimental to the condition. For example, white sugar, brown sugar, icing sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, milk sugar, fruit sugar, preserves, canned fruit, soft drinks, various fruit juices, sweet drinks, ice cream, sweet cookies, cakes, jams, sweet bread and various pastries made of sugar, etc. The nature of alcohol and its effect on sugar metabolism is a hobby for some people. A significant percentage of diabetic patients have the habit of drinking alcohol, which brings certain effects on the control of diabetes and the occurrence and development of complications. The chemical name of alcohol is ethanol, which has a simple metabolic process in the body and is very easy to oxidize and produce heat. Ethanol is present in a wide variety of drinking alcohols, with high, medium and low levels. Ethanol as an energy substance, tested in vitro with a combustion meter, produces 29.7 kJ (7.1 kcal) of heat per gram of ethanol. Ethanol enters the body and oxidizes rapidly to produce heat, and the heat can barely be utilized by capillary distribution on the body surface, making it more difficult to transform into storage. Highly concentrated alcohol does not contain other nutrients. Therefore, when calculating caloric intake, it cannot be simply converted to the same level as other substantial heat-producing substances such as sugar, protein and fat. The effect of alcohol on the body’s metabolism is multifaceted and depends on the amount and urgency of alcohol consumption, the nutritional status of the body, the amount of food consumed during alcohol consumption, the function of the liver and pancreas and the body’s tolerance to alcohol. The effect of ethanol on glucose metabolism is related to the nutritional status of the body: when the nutritional status is good, drinking alcohol can cause blood glucose to rise; when hunger and poor nutritional status, drinking alcohol has no role in raising blood glucose, and even makes it fall. When liver glycogen storage is sufficient, alcohol can promote glycogen decomposition and inhibit glucose utilization, causing blood glucose to rise; when liver glycogen storage is insufficient, alcohol can block glucose isogenesis, making it easy for hypoglycemia to occur. Drinking large amounts of alcohol reduces glucose tolerance; while drinking small amounts of alcohol has little effect on it. It has been pointed out that ethanol itself has no stimulating effect on insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, but it may have a certain degree of enhancement of the response of pancreatic β-cells to stimulants (such as sugar). The effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes ① Hyperlipidemia can occur with excessive alcohol consumption. The main alteration is the increase of triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration in blood. It has been clinically proven that alcohol consumption in diabetic patients not only leads to hyperlipidemia, but also lasts for a long time, especially in those who do not practice diet therapy. Long-term alcohol consumption can cause nutritional deficiencies and is detrimental to the liver. Patients treated with insulin are prone to hypoglycemia when drinking alcohol on an empty stomach. In patients treated with sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs, alcohol consumption can cause symptoms such as panic, shortness of breath and red cheeks. (3) When diabetic patients drink alcohol with some carbohydrate-based food, their blood sugar can rise, making diabetes out of control. Drinking alcohol often without food can inhibit the decomposition of liver glycogen, which reduces the amount of glucose in the blood and causes symptoms of hypoglycemia. Clinical data report that although there is some difference in the amount of alcohol consumed, the total calories consumed by drinkers are often excessive, so blood sugar levels are not easily controlled. In addition to alcohol, the main reason for the poor metabolic control or even deterioration in chronic alcohol drinkers is the poor implementation of diet therapy due to alcohol consumption. (4) It is not uncommon for diabetic patients to have diabetic ketoacidosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption (in addition to the alcohol factor, it often constitutes a precipitating factor together with starvation, infection, interruption of treatment, and excessive food intake). Therefore, it is best for diabetic patients not to drink alcohol, and if they want to drink, they should only drink small amounts of beer and fruit wine with low alcohol concentration, and avoid drinking on an empty stomach. It is worth reminding that people with severe diabetes combined with liver and gallbladder disease, especially those who are using insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, must be strictly prohibited from drinking alcohol. Avoid: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugar sweets, such as sugar, pastry, jam, honey, preserves, ice cream, etc. Less food: potatoes, yams, taro, lotus root, onions, carrots, lard, suet, cream, butter, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, egg yolk, liver, kidney and brain. Suitable food: coarse grains such as buckwheat, oatmeal, cornmeal, soybeans and soy products, vegetables. Diabetic patients are prone to hypoglycemia during treatment, which occurs when blood glucose is lowered too quickly Medical Education Network collection| collated. In adults with diabetes, hypoglycemia is often triggered by skipping regular meals or delaying meals or by intense exercise. Symptoms of mild hypoglycemia include numbness in the mouth, cold, clammy skin, a fluttering sensation in the chest and hunger. How do I treat it? You just have to take readily available sugar. Drink sweet drinks, such as clarified juice or soda, or eat a candy bar, and carry candy with you just in case.