Nucleic acid testing, also known as viral DNA and RNA testing, is currently the most advanced test for viral testing and is used clinically for viral testing of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. The nucleic acid test can detect the presence of viral nucleic acids in the blood to diagnose the presence of pathogenic infections in the body. Most hospitals are now using advanced PCR technology, nucleic acid testing. The application of these technologies can improve the specificity of the test, reduce the probability of false positives, and can shorten the window period for the detection of hepatitis B, C and HIV viruses, thus improving the diagnosis and cure rate.