Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in adults and is a major cause of respiratory failure. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is not well understood, it is relatively clear that the disease is associated with abnormal attacks on the lungs by harmful gases or particles. Among the many risk factors for COPD, smoking remains the primary and most important factor, and passive smoking is equally harmful, with smoking in women endangering the health of two generations. This is followed by atmospheric pollution (e.g. sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine, ozone, etc.), occupational dust, automobile exhaust, and oil smoke. These reasons make COPD an urban disease and a multi-morbidity. Coughing, coughing and shortness of breath are the main symptoms. A middle-aged man, who was short of breath when walking, thought he had heart disease and underwent coronary angiography and other tests, and took medication for half a year, but finally the lung function test made it clear that the lung function had decreased and the cause of shortness of breath after activity turned out to be COPD. Before diagnosing COPD, physicians should also pay attention to cardiovascular examinations to understand whether the symptoms of shortness of breath are due to cardiovascular disease. Previously, COPD was considered by the medical community to be chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema with airflow obstruction. Currently, it is more likely that COPD should be considered in any patient with cough, sputum or dyspnea, or with a history of smoking and exposure to harmful particles or gases. In the hospital, physicians can use pulmonary function tests to understand the patient’s ventilatory status, whether there is a decline in lung function, and whether the decline in lung function is reversible or partially reversible. Pulmonary function tests are the most important test to know whether a patient has COPD. Patients who have the following discomforts should pay more attention: In addition to coughing and coughing symptoms, shortness of breath if you walk, shortness of breath when you work or are active, and shortness of breath that worsens when you do heavy physical work. If you have these symptoms, which often indicate pulmonary or cardiac insufficiency, it is best to go to the hospital for an examination. Early prevention and treatment is crucial Winter and spring are the seasons when COPD is more frequent and exacerbated, and the incidence is higher in the north than in the south. Patients with mild to moderate disease can use drugs (such as anticholinergic drugs, β2-agonists, theophylline) to control wheezing symptoms; apply expectorants to facilitate airway drainage and improve ventilation, commonly used drugs such as aminoglutethimide hydrochloride and acetylcysteine. The most important thing is still to quit smoking, which is the best treatment to reduce this kind of disease, unfortunately there are too few people who can do this, it is generally believed that if you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day and smoke for 10 years, the possibility of COPD is very high, and the earlier the age of smoking, the greater the possibility of the disease. Rehabilitation All COPD patients should improve their immunity and undergo rehabilitation, which includes respiratory physiotherapy, muscle training, nutritional support, psychiatric treatment and other measures. For example, abdominal breathing for respiratory muscle exercise: relaxing the patient, lip retraction breathing to avoid rapid superficial breathing and to promote secretion removal; walking, stair climbing, bicycle and other methods for whole body muscle training, paying attention to a balanced diet, avoiding excessive carbohydrate diet and excessive calorie intake to avoid excessive carbon dioxide production. Long-term home oxygen therapy for COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure is also a very important treatment to improve their survival rate. In addition, flu vaccination is available to reduce the risk of respiratory infections during the flu season.