The kidneys are currently considered to have three major functions: elimination of metabolic waste, stabilization of water, acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body, and endocrine function. Patients suffering from uremia will naturally show corresponding symptoms and signs in these aspects. Patients with elevated creatinine is a manifestation of the reduced function of the kidneys to excrete metabolic waste; patients with edema, elevated potassium and phosphorus, and acidosis are the loss of the function of the kidneys to stabilize the internal environment; patients with anemia and calcium deficiency are caused by the lack of certain hormones produced by the kidneys. Except for kidney transplantation, the existing dialysis can only solve the problem of eliminating metabolic waste from the body and stabilizing the water, acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body, which is often referred to as the drainage and detoxification function. A healthy human body has an extremely complex stabilization system to regulate, which can keep the body’s water, pH and electrolytes in a stable state at all times. All substances taken into the body from various systems, the useful part is absorbed by the body for daily activities, while the useless part and various wastes of cellular metabolism are mostly excreted from the body by the respiratory system, digestive system and urinary system. It can be seen that the stability of the internal environment is related to the intake and excretion, as long as the amount of intake and excretion are equal, the human body will be harmonious and stable. Today, I would like to discuss with you about water and salt balance. As long as the patient enters dialysis, regardless of how much urine is left, the health care provider will ask the patient to limit water and salt. On the one hand, the increased water load can cause cardiac failure, and chronic cardiac failure or repeated acute cardiac failure can cause sudden cardiac death. On the other hand, an excessive water load can increase the patient’s blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, for patients on abdominal dialysis, excessive intake of water and salt will inevitably increase the sugar concentration of the peritoneal fluid to increase ultrafiltration, which will shorten the working life of the peritoneum; for patients on hemodialysis, excessive weight gain before dialysis will cause an increase in the rate of single dehydration, leading to the occurrence of dialysis-related hypotension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by excessive blood concentration and blockage of the internal fistula, and will increase renal ischemia leading to a rapid decline in residual kidney function. Therefore, for patients with edema without fatal acute heart failure, we will first require patients to undergo water and salt control, and we will only apply medical interventions if the patient has a water and salt overload on the basis of strict water and salt control. However, according to my experience in the clinic for several years, the patients who can strictly control the water and salt are really a phoenix. Nowadays, people’s standard of living has improved a lot, and all kinds of food are easily available, so there are few people who can sit still under so many temptations. The desire for foods high in salt, sugar, fat, and cholesterol is actually ingrained in our genes, and in the days when materials were not abundant, it allowed people to seek out suitable foods to sustain themselves. But the evolution of the human body has not kept pace with the evolution of food additives, resulting in the emergence of various chronic diseases related to eating. It is really difficult to control the desire for food and drink by one’s own willpower alone, so some small tricks are needed to trick the body to achieve the purpose of controlling water and salt. The less you drink, the better, in my opinion, and to count all the liquid in your mouth as drinking water, such as milk, porridge, soup, fruit, etc. The maximum amount should not exceed the first day’s urine volume plus ultrafiltration plus 500 ml. must come up with the spirit of the upper Gan Ling to control drinking water. For salt, the daily intake of sodium should not exceed 100mmol, which translates into almost no more than 3g of table salt, and you cooking connoisseurs must have this concept, if the total amount of salt in a day is less than 3g, basically the meal is nothing salty. And in addition to sodium in salt, MSG, soy sauce, pickled vegetables, salted meat, soy bean curd, yellow sauce, candied fruit and purchased food in sodium content is also bar. Don’t be afraid to eat less salt to become a white hairy woman, in fact most foods contain sodium, enough for the body. The patient’s family should work with the patient on a water and salt control program, be supportive and create an environment where the patient can limit water and salt. Family members should try to avoid gulping water in front of the patient, as well as speaking language related to thirst and drinking, and avoid placing water bottles and cups in prominent places. Try to cook with less seasonings, as many foods actually taste very good and need to be felt by heart. Replace the cup at home with a smaller capacity and with a scale, if possible, it is best to place a straw in the cup for drinking water. Usually do not drink tea, coffee, carbonated drinks, high-sugar drinks, such drinks will only make patients more and more thirsty, not to quench the thirst of the role. It is important to let patients know how much water they drink every day so that they can manage themselves. When you are thirsty, you can rinse your mouth with cool water, contain ice cubes, chew gum, contain a piece of lemon, eat a sour plum, or hang a picture of a plum on the wall if you don’t have a plum, which can sometimes be useful. Try to participate in work, no work patients should take the initiative to find themselves some is to enrich their lives, busy life will distract patients from water and food. To develop a regular fitness habit, fitness can not only improve the patient’s cardiopulmonary function, increase lean body weight, pleasant mood, enhance socialization, but also increase the unmanifest water loss (evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and skin) and the amount of sweat excretion, which reduces the amount of water in the body. In the dry season, you can apply humidifier to increase the air humidity in the living room to reduce the feeling of dryness in the patient’s mouth. Strict control of blood sugar is also able to reduce water consumption. Diabetes mellitus is known as “thirst” in Chinese medicine, and its symptoms are more drinking, more food, more urine and weight loss, people with high blood sugar will also drink a lot of water so that sugar can be excreted in the form of urine, but patients with uremia have reduced urine, water is drunk, but only exists in the body, will not urinate out, so there is edema, so the blood sugar Therefore, controlling blood sugar in the normal range can also reduce the feeling of thirst. Many patients may also have their own methods to control water salt, welcome to provide us, we will also collate and share to other patients in need.