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The most common pathogen is Chlamydia. Non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis can be mutually beneficial. The pathogens of non-gonococcal urethritis can spread directly from the urethra into the prostate, and can also cause bacterial prostatitis by flowing backwards with the urine into the prostate ducts and tissues. The bacteria in the prostate tissue of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis can also drain into the urethra with the prostate fluid and cause non-gonococcal urethritis. However, in general, urethritis caused by chronic prostatitis is non-specific urethritis, not non-gonococcal urethritis. The medical so-called non-specific urethritis is a category of urethritis relative to the specific urethritis. So-called atopic UTIs are UTIs caused by specific bacteria such as gonococcus, chlamydia, and tuberculosis, which are named because of their specific clinical manifestations, while non-atopic UTIs are caused by common bacteria. The non-gonococcal urethritis is an atopic urethritis, a sexually transmitted disease, and the causative bacteria of chronic prostatitis are mostly common bacteria, such as E. coli. So it usually does not cause non-gonococcal urethritis.
Both chronic prostatitis and non-gonococcal urethritis can have lower urinary tract infection syndromes such as frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, incomplete urination, discomfort or burning in the urethra during urination, etc. All can also have morning discharge from the urethra. However, non-gonococcal urethritis is a sexually transmitted disease and is usually preceded by a history of impure sexual intercourse. The symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis are mainly painful urination and urethral discharge, while chronic prostatitis is dominated by symptoms of pelvic pain, such as pain or discomfort in the penis, scrotum testicles, groin, perineum, pubic bone, lower back, ejaculation pain, etc. Urethralgia is relatively rare and less severe. The non-gonococcal urethritis has a more rapid onset and persistent symptoms, while chronic prostatitis has a long course, with recurring symptoms that are sometimes severe and sometimes mild, and can sometimes slow down on its own. If it is difficult to judge, you can go to the hospital for further examination, such as urethral secretion microscopy, bacterial culture, lower urinary tract positioning bacterial culture, etc., so that the doctor can make a diagnosis for you.
However, you should never assume that if you are tested for chlamydia or mycoplasma, you have non-gonococcal urethritis. Most non-gonococcal urethritis are sensitive to minocycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, etc. The course of minocycline and doxycycline is 1 to 2 weeks, and azithromycin only requires a single dose to be effective. If these antibiotic treatments are ineffective, the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis is suspicious.
Second, is prostatitis a sexually transmitted disease? Is it contagious?
Prostatitis is not a sexually transmitted disease. The type I and type II prostatitis, or bacterial prostatitis, is only a minority, accounting for 5 to 10 percent of prostatitis. The majority of the pathogenic bacteria of bacterial prostatitis are non-specific bacteria, the so-called common bacteria, although the bacteria can be brought into the woman’s body through sexual intercourse, generally will not cause the woman’s infection, because the female vagina has a strong resistance to foreign bacteria. The majority of people can not consider chronic prostatitis infectious problem, for this reason abstain or refuse to have sex, not only is it unnecessary, over time, may also have a certain adverse effect on the couple’s emotional communication, normal couple’s life and the recovery of their own disease. But in a few cases, prostatitis can be caused by gonococcus, chlamydia, syphilis spirochete, trichomonas, then it is a sexually transmitted disease, is contagious.
There is no definite evidence that prostatitis can cause prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. A recent study found that prostatitis may increase the risk of prostate cancer. However, current medical research has focused more on prostate enlargement and prostate cancer and less on prostatitis, and further research is needed to determine whether prostatitis can cause prostate enlargement or prostate cancer.
Prostate enlargement is often accompanied by prostatitis. The risk of prostatitis will be 7.7 times higher in patients with prostate enlargement. 12% to 57% of people with prostate enlargement have increased leukocytes in the prostate fluid, and it has even been found that 98% of surgically removed prostate specimens have inflammation. This is because prostate hyperplasia causes lower urinary tract obstruction easily secondary to urinary tract infection, which is like water will stink after sewer obstruction, the resistance of the posterior urethra increases after obstruction, urine easily flows back into the prostate gland ducts, in addition, the prostate gland ducts are squeezed after prostate hyperplasia, narrowing, twisting, lengthening, prostate fluid discharge is obstructed, which will easily cause prostatitis. The same is true for prostate cancer, which can be complicated by prostatitis. 50% of prostate cancer patients with prostate tissue biopsy specimens have prostatitis, and the possible mechanism of occurrence is similar to that of prostate hyperplasia.
This is of great interest to medical practitioners. The prostate venous plexus, the spermatic vein, and the venous plexus under the submucosa of the lower rectum and the skin of the anal canal (which is related to the formation of hemorrhoids) belong to the same pelvic vein, and the three are anatomically correlated, so it is conjectured that some of the prostatitis is related to pelvic venous lesions, and to The varicose veins and hemorrhoids are part of the same pelvic vein disease and interact with each other. Another study found that there are two to six small hemorrhoidal genital veins communicating between the hemorrhoidal venous plexus of the lower rectum and the genitourinary venous plexus, and these traffic branches transport the venous blood from the rectal reflux unidirectionally to the genitourinary venous plexus around the prostate, which means that the prostatic venous plexus has pathways connected to the rectal veins, and the infectious pathogens around the rectum and anus can infect the prostate through the venous system, providing a basis for this conjecture. This is the basis for this conjecture.
The actual fact is that you can’t be sure about the relationship between prostatitis and varicose veins and hemorrhoids, but you need some direct and clear evidence to confirm it.
What are prostate stones?
The real prostate stones (true prostate stones) are stones that occur in the prostate alveoli or ducts, stones that originate in the prostate tissue, and we usually refer to true prostate stones when we talk about prostate stones. The number of prostate stones is high, often hundreds, and there is a reported case of up to 1,247 stones, which vary in size, but are mostly 1 to 4 mm in diameter, brownish gray, and prostate stones generally cannot be discharged on their own.
The reason for the formation of prostate stones is still unclear and may be related to the following factors.
1, urinary reflux
Although prostate stones occur in the prostate alveoli, studies have found that most stones contain urine components rather than prostate fluid, suggesting that their occurrence may be related to urinary reflux. Reflux urine salt deposits form stones.
2. Amyloid
Amyloids are small ovoid vesicles present in the prostatic follicles and consist of protein and a small amount of fat. They are rarely seen in children and become more common as they age. In some cases, the amyloid can have an inflammatory reaction in the prostate follicles, causing calcium-containing material to deposit on its surface and form stones.
3. Prostatitis
Bacteria, necrotic tissue or shed epithelial cells in the prostate alveoli can serve as the core for stone formation; pus and debris that do not drain adequately can calcify to form stones.
4.Obstruction
Prostatic hyperplasia can also increase the pressure in the ducts, dilation of the ducts, stagnation of secretions in the gland, concentration and formation of round protein bodies, and then calcification and formation of stones. When the cortex or outer envelope around the prostate is pressurized, the stone components can also be deposited to form stones due to poor drainage. The prostate tissue is congested, edematous, and scarred during prostatitis, and the narrowing of the glandular ducts can lead to obstruction, which can lead to the formation of stones.
The age of onset of prostate stones is mostly above 40 years old, with the most between 50 and 65 years old. However, the exact incidence is unknown, as many cases are detected during routine X-rays or ultrasound examinations. Prostate stones themselves are asymptomatic, and symptoms appear mostly due to concomitant prostatitis, prostate abscess, prostate enlargement, and urethral stricture.