As the old saying goes, nine out of ten people have stomach problems, which means that stomach problems have been a very common and popular disease since ancient times. In the face of today’s increasingly heavy mental pressure, survival pressure, and gradually changing dietary structure, the health of the stomach has been greatly tested. Gastric diseases can be divided into gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and functional dyspepsia. Among them, gastritis is the most common. Gastritis can be divided into 2 major categories: acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. Acute gastritis, as the name implies, is the acute onset of gastric mucosal inflammation, mostly caused by acute food poisoning, taking drugs that damage the gastric mucosa, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin, some anti-tumor drugs, oral iron supplements for blood, etc. The use of large amounts of alcohol, severe trauma, and other factors can cause this condition. Severe acute gastritis can result in massive vomiting of blood, black stools, and in severe cases, massive blood loss and even shock, requiring emergency treatment. Chronic gastritis can evolve from acute gastritis, or from the accumulation of pathogenic factors in daily life. The symptoms of chronic gastritis are often mild and do not easily attract attention, so many people suffer from chronic gastritis, ignore the existence of the disease, do not go to the doctor, or do not carry out the correct treatment, some people listen to unscientific prescriptions, buy their own medicine, and no longer treat the symptoms, which leads to a gradual increase in the degree of chronic gastritis, and some may even cause mucosal erosion and bleeding. The peptic ulcer occurs. From a medical point of view, chronic gastritis can be divided into 2 major categories: chronic superficial and chronic atrophic. If chronic atrophic gastritis is accompanied by intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, that is, the appearance of intestinal mucosa in the mucosa of the stomach, the transformation of the gastric mucosa into intestinal mucosa, or even atypical hyperplasia, the chances of gastric cancer will be greatly increased. Therefore, although chronic gastritis is not a fatal disease, the long-term development is very harmful. If the best treatment period of chronic gastritis is missed, it may lead to the transformation of chronic gastritis or even the development of gastric cancer. The main causes of chronic gastritis are the following: 1. Helicobacter pylori infection: Helicobacter pylori is the only human bacterium that can survive and grow in the stomach. It is parasitic in the human gastric mucosa surface under the mucus layer, and gastric mucosal cells closely attached together, it secretes toxins and metabolites on the gastric mucosal cells have a damaging effect, can lead to the occurrence of gastric mucosal inflammation. Now scientists all over the world have recognized that H. pylori is the most important cause of gastritis and a possible cause of gastric cancer. And the scientists who discovered H. pylori also won the Nobel Prize in medicine for this. 2, diet and environmental factors: some foods can lead to damage to the gastric mucosa caused by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Such as too much salt in the food, food is not fresh, containing high nitrosamines, as well as long-term heavy drinking, smoking, taking drugs that damage the gastric mucosa, with strong irritant food, etc., can cause inflammation of the gastric mucosa occurs. 3, autoimmune: this type of gastritis and rheumatoid, lupus erythematosus, etc., are caused by autoimmune dysfunction, this type of gastritis is often manifested as a lack of acid in the stomach, which can easily lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12 pernicious anemia. The good thing is that this type of gastritis is more prevalent in western countries, especially in western and northern European countries, while it is less common in China. Long-term chronic gastritis without reasonable treatment can lead to erosion of the gastric mucosa, gastric bleeding, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers occur, while ulcers can occur gastric perforation, massive gastric bleeding, pyloric obstruction, and even cancer. Not long ago a white-collar girl on the Internet died from an incurable ulcer perforation, and the morning sun fell early, leaving lifelong regrets. Because the symptoms of chronic gastritis are often atypical, they are often easily mistaken for indigestion, which, in fact, is often one of the symptoms of chronic gastritis. Others are chronic cholecystitis, chronic pancreatitis, and even some heart conditions can be confusing. The symptoms of chronic gastritis are often atypical, as we have just mentioned. Many patients with chronic gastritis can be asymptomatic. Those who have symptoms tend to have discomfort in the upper abdomen, such as vague pain, bloating, early satiety, bloating after eating a little, belching, heartburn, nausea, etc. In severe cases, there can be anemia, wasting and other systemic manifestations. The best way to diagnose chronic gastritis is gastroscopy. It is also the most reliable method. Endoscopy not only allows direct observation of changes in the gastric mucosa and detection of H. pylori, but also allows biopsy to clarify the nature of gastric mucosal inflammation, such as whether it is chronic superficial or chronic atrophic, how extensive the atrophy is, and whether there is intestinal epithelial hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa. Further immunohistochemical examination can also distinguish whether the intestinal epithelial metaplasia is large intestine metaplasia or small intestine metaplasia, which has a higher chance of cancer than small intestine metaplasia. If pathological examination reveals atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, special attention should be paid because atypical hyperplasia is a sign of development to gastric cancer. If you do not want to do a gastroscopy or cannot do a gastroscopy due to other circumstances, you can also opt for a breath test to check for H. pylori, which is currently the gold standard for H. pylori. The treatment of chronic gastritis can be divided into symptomatic and causal treatments. Of course, the best treatment is the one that addresses the cause of the disease. Such as the removal of H. pylori. The current method of removing H. pylori has been published by the World Health Organization guidelines, which can be used in a 3- or 4-combination approach, which is to use a strong acid inhibitor, such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, etc., plus 2 or 3 antibiotics against H. pylori, and the course of treatment should be no shorter than 10 days. Other symptomatic treatments can be given with acid suppressants, mucosal protectors, vitamin supplements, drugs that promote gastric motility and drugs that aid digestion. For atrophic gastritis in chronic gastritis, especially chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, close observation and timely follow-up should be carried out, regular gastroscopy review and pathological biopsy should be performed, and even more attention should be paid if there is atypical hyperplasia, and long-term follow-up by experienced and responsible doctors with good equipment should be selected to detect early cancer or possible cancerous lesions in time for effective treatment. Nowadays, our medical technology can detect very early lesions under gastroscopy, and can completely remove them under gastroscopy, eliminating the pain of having to operate in the past and achieving a cure. The stomach is an important digestive organ of the human body, equivalent to a large food processing plant, this factory provides us with the energy of life, in order to make this processing plant normal operation, we should pay attention to what in the diet? First of all, we should develop good habits, do not smoke, drink less alcohol, do not consume a large amount of strongly stimulating food, do not eat a lot of pickled vegetables and other pickled products, because these foods have high salt content and more nitrosamines, which can easily cause damage to the gastric mucosa and even induce cancer. Avoid long-term use of drugs that damage the gastric mucosa, and if you must use them, do so under the guidance of a regular doctor. Reduce the damage to the gastric mucosa to a minimum. Eating should be done on time, without overeating, not hungry and full. Pay attention to the freshness of food, do not eat leftovers, because poorly preserved meals are susceptible to bacterial contamination, once the bacterial contamination multiplies, the nitrosamines in food will multiply, nitrosamines are known to be clear carcinogens, which can induce a variety of cancers in the esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, etc. In addition to diet, we also need to pay attention to the following in daily life: 1. live a regular life, do not stay up too late, do not over-stress, stress and stay up late will make the gastric mucosa ischemic, resistance decreases, and induce lesions of the gastric mucosa. 2. 2, maintain a good mental state and mood is also very important. 3, appropriate physical exercise can improve the body’s immunity and resistance, can effectively resist the attack of some disease-causing factors, to maintain the health of the body state. 4, there is a disease do not be afraid, do not listen to unscientific prescriptions, to the regular hospital, according to the doctor’s instructions for drug treatment and follow-up review, so that no disease early prevention, early treatment of disease, the disease will be eliminated in the bud, enjoy a healthy and happy life.