In recent years, the incidence of gallstones has gradually increased, about 10% for adults and even up to 15% for middle-aged women in China. It is understood that in the past, the incidence of gallstones was mostly in middle-aged people, but now the age of onset of gallstones is becoming younger and younger, and even children are suffering from gallstones. Once stones are lodged in the gallbladder, the health risks are great. First of all, according to statistics, more than 90% of gallstones patients have acute and chronic cholecystitis; acute biliary colic caused by stones blocking the cystic duct or common bile duct is, I am afraid, the most unforgettable lifelong experience for stone patients, and its intensity is often unbearable. In addition, small stones can be discharged to the common bile duct via the cystic duct and can cause secondary common bile duct stones, biliary pancreatitis and acute cholangitis, and severe acute severe cholangitis and hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis can be life-threatening. Some large stones can become lodged and compress the gallbladder and its adjacent organs to form biliary fistula. Most seriously, gallstones are closely related to gallbladder cancer, which has a 0.5% to 1% chance of causing gallbladder cancer. The larger the stones and the longer the duration of chronic cholecystitis, the higher the chance of gallbladder cancer. Most patients with gallbladder stones or polyps can opt for biliary surgery, unless the gallbladder has atrophied, is no longer functional, or has the possibility of malignant transformation, and can only be removed. Of course, there are entry requirements for cholecystectomy, which must meet the following 3 points: (1) The patient is willing to have cholecystectomy and is young in age. (Self-requested or agreed to biliary preservation). (2) The gallbladder should have smooth mucosa, non-significant wall thickening, and good gallbladder filling after ultrasound and MRCP examination. In other words, the gallbladder should be functional in order to be preserved. If the gallbladder is already full of stones and the gallbladder is non-functional, the gallbladder should still be removed. (3) During the operation, the inflow of bile into the neck of the gallbladder should be smooth and the gallbladder should function well after the stones are removed. (Intraoperative confirmation of a functional gallbladder). In addition, gallbladder surgery is also used in the treatment of gallbladder polyps. There is no specific standard for gallbladder polyp surgery, some people are afraid of cancerous polyps and think that as long as polyps are found, they should be operated, which is not true, most of the gallbladder polyps are cholesterol polyps and rarely become cancerous, so there is no need to be nervous. It is generally believed that 1cm is the approximate limit, but more attention is paid to the trend of enlargement. 1cm or less is closely observed. The decision of whether to remove the gallbladder or not is mainly based on immediate intraoperative pathology, if it is malignant, the gallbladder will be removed, and if not, the gallbladder will be preserved. Minimally invasive “cholecystectomy” is done under a two-hole laparoscope. After the stones are removed, the bottom of the gallbladder is closed with absorbable sutures, the pneumoperitoneum is established again, the gallbladder is put back into the abdominal cavity, no bile leakage is observed, and the operation is finished. Gallstone extraction has at least 4 major benefits for patients with gallstones: first, the gallbladder is preserved intact and the stones are completely removed; second, gallstone patients can lead a normal and healthy life after surgery; third, families and patients are relieved because the whole operation is minimally invasive, visualized and safe; fourth, there is no delay in normal life, work and study, and the operation is simple and quick to recover. This is the purpose of gallbladder preservation surgery, which is to preserve the functional gallbladder and strive to clean the gallbladder of stones. However, because the cause of stone formation is not fundamentally controlled, there is still a possibility of recurrence. In other words, we can only remove the stones that have grown in the gallbladder through surgery, but due to the different proportion of bile in each person, some people will still grow new stones, and the recurrence rate is about 2% to 7% in 1-5 years. Not all patients need long-term medication after biliary stone extraction. To promote the contraction and emptying of the gallbladder, it is more important to regulate the structure and routine of the diet. Milk and fatty foods can promote the contraction and emptying of the gallbladder, and it is a misconception to avoid oil and meat after gallbladder stone surgery. The gallbladder needs a lipid diet to contract and empty. A high-fat, high-cholesterol diet is prone to grow gallbladder stones, while a vegetarian, fat-free diet is prone to cholecystitis when the gallbladder does not contract and empty, and bile is prone to stagnation and stone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that the lipid diet of postoperative patients with gallstones should be based on vegetable fats, and they can eat walnuts, nuts and other fatty nuts to minimize the intake of animal fats and cholesterol. In addition, exercise can increase lung capacity and increase intra-abdominal pressure. The repeated enhancement of intra-abdominal pressure causes compression of the gallbladder, which facilitates the emptying of the gallbladder.