With the advances in modern medicine, the birth rate of preterm infants has increased from 5% to 8.1% with advances in the treatment of preterm infants in neonatal units. Survival rates have also increased significantly from 73.9% to 89.1%. However, while we have a higher survival rate than ever before, a larger proportion of surviving preterm infants (especially IVF) are associated with neurodevelopmental problems. In our observation, preterm infants are prone to “cerebral white matter softening” because they miss the normal gestational period of 32 to 40 weeks of lateral vascular growth. Because of the immaturity of brain development, they are also prone to “intraventricular hemorrhage”, which may not be an unfamiliar term to parents, because the incidence is 25% in very low weight infants (<1500 g) and 40% to 70% in very low weight infants (<1000 g). This, together with the relative immaturity of other organs in preterm infants, may also indirectly affect neurodevelopment. 2, neurological impairment ① Intellectual impairment: foreign studies have shown that intelligence is affected by the size of the gestational age, and it is believed that 32 weeks of pregnancy is a cut-off point, <32 weeks of preterm infants later receive intelligence assessment scores are lower than the average score of normal children, this part of the child to account for 13% to 15%, if <28 weeks of birth, this proportion will rise to 37%. (ii) Impaired motor development: Early in life, preterm infants typically have less flexion than full-term infants, a phenomenon that is indicative of dystonia, and at later follow-up, 21% to 36% of preterm infants show dystonia abnormalities, but more importantly, this group of children is also at risk for later intellectual or cognitive impairment. (iii) Visual, auditory, and language developmental impairments: Earlier in life, cochlear damage was found to be more frequent in preterm infants weighing <1500 grams, with a 9.7% probability of hearing impairment, which would lead to future language acquisition and have a negative impact on language development. ④ Severe neurological damage: In an early national report, the survival rate of very low birth weight infants was greatly improved, but the neurodevelopmental sequelae did not decrease proportionally, with cerebral palsy occurring in about 10% of them or a higher incidence of motor coordination disorders or clumsiness. To date, the prevalence of cerebral palsy has remained constant despite the increased survival of high-risk preterm infants. ⑤ Borderline psychomotor developmental disorders: We found that in addition to some obvious neurological impairments, there are some underappreciated neurological impairments such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities (LD), neuropsychological deficits, tics, autism and sleep disorders. These disorders are overlooked by many parents because they are not easily detected and diagnosed in the early stages. The probability of these disorders occurring in preterm infants ranges from 8% to 25%. 3. Early detection and treatment There are many auxiliary tests used to assess the neurodevelopment of preterm infants, including MR, cranial ultrasound, brainstem evoked potentials, EEG, etc. Among a series of tests, we found that magnetic resonance bop (MRS) is a more sensitive aid than other tests, especially for early detection of their brain white matter function with zero radiation. Data from many studies suggest that MRS can predict neurodevelopmental outcomes over a long time course. For early detection of abnormalities and prevention of developmental deviations and disorders, we also need parents to cooperate with their doctors in follow-up and developmental assessment, to bring their babies back regularly for follow-up, to attend necessary training and to implement early interventions for their babies, and to listen to their doctors' recommendations for care, which can have a positive effect on the neurodevelopment of preterm babies.