Nephrotic syndrome is a relatively common type of clinical disease, for which there are four diagnoses and complications. The diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome can be made when hypoproteinemia, massive proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and severe edema are satisfied clinically. Two of the necessary diagnoses are 24h urine protein quantification greater than 3.5g, and blood albumin less than 30g/L. After the development of nephrotic syndrome, it may lead to some complications, the most common complications are four: infection, combined lower limb or deep vein thrombosis, and acute kidney injury, combined with protein and fat energy metabolism disorders. The treatment of nephrotic syndrome is mainly through renal puncture to clarify the specific type of pathology, and according to the different types of pathology, choose a targeted treatment plan, which often requires the use of hormones and immunosuppressive drugs. The specific plan needs to be individualized and the diet should be based on the principle of low salt, low fat and high quality protein diet to avoid increasing the burden on the kidneys.