Since the beginning of the 21st century, the successful completion of the Human Genome Project, the rapid development of proteomics and bioinformatics, and the continuous emergence of various high-tech assays have brought new breadth and depth to life science research, but also made clinical research easily lost in the face of massive information, and the barrier between clinical and basic research has been increasing. In the field of oncology research, the trillions of dollars invested in scientific research worldwide over the past decades have been accompanied by millions of scientific papers, while the mortality rate due to cancer has not changed fundamentally in the last three decades. Therefore, basic research must answer or address clinical questions in order for clinical outcomes to benefit from its mechanistic studies. Exploring gene and protein expression in the laboratory and establishing macroscopic animal models cannot provide complete insight into the mysteries of human life and the laws of disease occurrence and regression. 1, translational medicine research background and current situation In recent years, in order to promote the exchange and cooperation between basic and clinical researchers, in line with the new situation of the development trend of life science research, translational medicine (Translational Medicine) model came into being. Translational medicine is dedicated to bridging the gap between basic research and clinical application, and its core is to establish an effective link between researchers engaged in basic science and doctors at the front line of clinical practice, especially focusing on how to quickly translate basic research results into clinical application, and to establish the most effective and appropriate mode of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention by the most direct means. The significance of translational medicine and its value have attracted great attention and spawned strategic actions in Europe and the United States. In recent years, countries have been scrambling to organize manpower, invest heavily and integrate resources in order to occupy the high ground as early as possible. Harvard, Yale, Stanford and other world-renowned universities have also established centers for translational medicine or clinical translational science centers. The National Institutes of Health established a new Clinical and Translational Science Fellowship (CTSA) in 2006 to create opportunities to catalyze the development of new disciplines in translational science. The international publishing community has also established professional journals in translational medicine such as Journal of Translational Medicine and American Journal of Translational Research. With the gradual accumulation of corresponding results, four annual conferences on translational medicine have been held in succession internationally. Although the domestic research on translational medicine started late, the development momentum is rapid. Not only supported by the National 863 Program and Natural Science Foundation, but also private equity funds such as Li Ka-shing Foundation have also invested a large amount of money to conduct corresponding research on translational medicine. Translational medicine is a product of genome and bioinformatics, and the first encouraging results come precisely from the successful application of gene microarray (CGH, SNP, etc.) technology in the diagnosis and prevention of single-gene diseases. For example, genetic deafness and autism in children can be diagnosed and intervened early through genetic profiling, which provides favorable conditions for eugenics and disease treatment. With the deepening of translational medicine model research, polygenic diseases that pose the greatest threat to human health, such as cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly, diabetes and chronic liver diseases, have gradually become new hot spots in translational medicine research. 2. Diagnostic imaging technology of lung cancer and translational medicine One hundred years ago, lung cancer was extremely rare, but nowadays it has become the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. It is expected that the annual number of lung cancer deaths in China will reach one million by the middle of the 21st century. Lung cancer has a short onset time, rapid metastasis and unsatisfactory prognosis, with an overall five-year survival rate of only 15%. Lung cancer screening was developed from the original X-ray to low-dose CT at the beginning of this century, which has reduced the mortality rate of the screening population. In recent years, positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) technology has also been used for lung cancer diagnosis and clinical TNM staging, which has higher sensitivity and specificity than CT and can avoid 20% of unnecessary thoracotomy, but false positives and false negatives still exist. The rapid development of modern computer technology has made the spatial resolution of CT enter the micron era. At present, the spatial resolution of industrial CT has reached 10 μm, and the corresponding level of medical micro-CT has been developed, but because of the small field of view is only used for in vivo pharmacological tests on animals. If the observation field can be further expanded and combined with CT section staining technology, it is likely to reach or approach the requirements of clinical pathology diagnosis. With the increasing study of lung cancer proteomics, the value of its cancer cell surface-specific receptors in diagnosis has been emphasized. The fusion of molecular targeting technology and micrometer imaging technology will achieve a perfect combination of functional imaging and anatomical imaging. An artificial neural network lung cancer imaging database based on the concept of artificial intelligence is also being established in order to get rid of the reading bias of subjective factors on imaging data. It can be seen that the smooth implementation of the above advanced imaging technologies as well as concepts must apply translational medicine thinking, based on the integration of multiple disciplines, and bring out the cross and edge advantages to form the best operation model of B2B (Bench to Bedside). 3.Search for lung cancer biomarkers in translational medicine model Searching for biomarkers of lung cancer development to provide a basis for early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer has always been the direction of clinical workers’ efforts. In addition to the traditional non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) serological markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21-1), tissue peptide antigen (TPA), and small cell carcinoma markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP), recently high-throughput laser-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- In addition to TOF MS and LC-MS/MS, a series of potential new lung cancer markers such as apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1, down-regulated), plasma kinin release enzyme (KLKB1), binding bead protein-2 (HP-2), and serum amyloid A (SAA) have been recently screened by high-throughput laser-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). towards the goal of further improving the specificity and sensitivity of lung cancer diagnosis. In addition to conventional carriers such as serum, sputum, and pleural fluid, recent researchers have used exhaled breath condensate (EBC) specimens for gene expression analysis, which greatly simplifies the diagnostic procedure. If specimen collection criteria can be standardized as soon as possible and attached to pulmonary function tests, it will certainly play a great role in screening for lung cancer biomarkers [6]. The bionics-inspired electronic nose is a matrix of polymeric sensors that has a sensitive detection rate for specific compounds. At present, it is mainly used in customs, food, and special industries, and the U.S. International Space Station is also equipped with an electronic nose for real-time detection of dangerous gases. Due to the advancement of chip technology and pattern recognition technology, especially the in-depth research of proteomics in recent years, the electronic nose may play a potential advantage in the medical field, especially in the diagnosis of cancer. Since experts in engineering, computer science, and biology have created good practice conditions for clinical medicine, we should build an open research platform with multidisciplinary intersection and implement translational medicine strategies as soon as possible. At the same time, under the framework of translational medicine model, the information of clinical practice is fed back to basic researchers in a two-way channel, i.e., B2B, for the maximum benefit of patients in the end. 4.Translational medicine accelerates the development of molecular targets for lung cancer More than 80% of NSCLC patients recur and metastasize within 5 years after radical surgery, and delayed diagnosis and poor treatment outcome are serious problems faced by clinicians. Chemotherapy for lung cancer has been a ruinous reality due to differences in genetic background, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. The inability of conventional chemotherapeutic agents to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells, coupled with the small window between their therapeutic window and toxic or even lethal doses, has greatly limited their clinical application. With the rise of proteomics and pharmacogenomics, molecularly targeted therapy has gradually become an important part of comprehensive lung cancer treatment. In the broad sense, molecular targeted therapy is oriented to individual genomic specificity, and the molecular targets are carefully designed and optimized according to patient’s tumor stage, tumor heterogeneity and pharmacogenomic information to achieve truly comprehensive and individualized treatment. The current molecular targeted drugs are mainly monoclonal antibodies such as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antibody bevacizumab, and small molecule compounds EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib [8]. In a clinical study on cetuximab combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC presented at the 44th American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting in 2008, 1125 patients with primary stage IIIB and IV NSCLC were randomized to the conventional chemotherapy group and the cetuximab combined chemotherapy group, resulting in a median overall survival of 11.3 months in the combined group, which was better than that of the conventional group of 10.1 months. Notably, the study selected patients with positive EGFR expression, which is the first clinical trial in lung cancer research to use tumor markers as a necessary condition for patient selection, and truly conforms to the principle that targeted drugs need to be targeted to the population. Through genomics and proteomics technologies, we can fully obtain more and more precise knowledge of molecular pathways related to cancer than ever before, and new molecular targets will continue to emerge, which will facilitate us to design new anti-cancer drugs more rationally. Some keen international pharmaceutical companies have already captured this new trend and stepped up their efforts in the research and development of molecularly targeted antitumor drugs. However, at the same time, we should also see that the process of new drug development is extremely complex, with a long process from laboratory to market, and new business models for drug development are urgently needed. Specific researchers with a translational medicine mindset can serve as a bridge and accelerate this process. They can not only decipher the drug mechanism of action, but also apply and interpret genomic and proteomic information and relevant new biomarkers for the phenotypes involved, and use bioinformatics knowledge to collect and integrate preclinical and clinical information on drug response. 5.Summary The solution of clinical problems can no longer be accomplished by a single professional. Translating meaningful results found in the laboratory into tools that can provide practical clinical applications requires strong and stable multidisciplinary crossover research facilities and platforms. Strengthening training in the field of translational medicine and cultivating a new generation of professionals with the concept and ability of translational medicine may be the trend of new composite talents in the future, and will certainly take the lead in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.