Thyroid nodules are commonly hyperplastic, inflammatory and tumor nodules, among which hyperplastic nodules are mostly caused by excessive or low iodine intake, drugs, defective enzyme of thyroid hormone synthesis, and so on. We should actively treat the primary disease and maintain the normal level of thyroid hormone in the body. Small benign nodules usually do not require treatment, while oversized or malignant nodules can be treated with surgery. 1. Treatment of primary disease: If thyroid cells proliferate and form nodules due to high or low iodine intake, consumption of substances that cause thyroid hyperplasia, consumption of drugs that cause thyroid hyperplasia, or defects in the enzyme that synthesizes thyroid hormones, the first step should be to treat the primary disease and maintain the body’s thyroxine at a normal level. 2. Small benign nodules: If the patient’s benign nodules are small and do not produce pain, pressure and other uncomfortable symptoms, there is no need to take special treatment for the nodules, and regular checkups are sufficient. 3. Oversized or malignant nodules: If the thyroid nodule is oversized, with pain, pressure, etc., which may lead to dyspnea and choking, or if the nodule is malignant, surgical treatment should be taken to alleviate the symptoms. Patients with hyperplastic thyroid nodules are advised to seek timely medical treatment.