The key to the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is to remove the hematoma, and surgical treatment is the preferred option. Surgery includes traditional craniotomy and minimally invasive surgery, which has emerged in recent years. In traditional surgery, the skull on the bleeding side is opened (commonly known as “lifting the lid”), the brain tissue is split and explored downward, the hematoma is found and then removed by suction, the bleeding is carefully stopped and the skull is closed. In most cases, when the skull is closed, the removed bone flap is not put back, which is called “debridement”. The debridement flap is equivalent to opening a “decompression window” in the originally closed skull, which gives the swollen brain tissue a place to release pressure after bleeding. The size of the bone window is usually 10cm x 12cm or more, so that the decompression effect is adequate. Minimally invasive surgery is a new surgical approach that has emerged and been gradually improved in the past decade or so. It represents a shift in the concept of surgical treatment for cerebral hemorrhage from simple treatment of the disease to a balance between treatment and neurological protection. The common minimally invasive surgical methods include “small bone window” microsurgery, “lock hole” surgery, neuroendoscopic surgery and stereotactic borehole drainage surgery. The incision is located in the forehead hairline and is only 0.5 cm long. /The rest of the hematoma is usually drained after 2 to 3 days by means of urokinase injection, and the stitches are removed one week after extubation and transferred to rehabilitation treatment.