The diagnostic value of PSA for prostate cancer is unquestionable. In clinical practice, there are an increasing number of strategies using PSA to monitor prostate cancer. However, these screening strategies place more emphasis on the importance of the frequency of testing. Is it necessary to perform so much PSA surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer? Can we reduce the frequency of testing by determining the prognosis with baseline values of PSA? These are all questions that deserve consideration. To investigate these questions and to find out the best and “safe” time to retest for prostate cancer with PSA baseline values <3ng/ml, Professor Marco Randazzo conducted a study that was published in EUROPEAN UROLOGY online. In his study, Marco Randazzo collected data from 1998 to 2012 on 4350 cases of Swiss patients aged 55-70 years, all with PSA baseline values of less than 3ng/ml and a median follow-up period of 11.6 years. The researchers divided the study population into three groups based on PSA baseline values (group 1: PSA <1ng/ml, group 2: 1ng/ml ≤ PSA <1.99ng/ml, and group 3: 2ng/ml ≤ PSA <2.99ng/ml) and found that PSA baseline values and family history were associated with the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and that PSA baseline values alone were an independent predictor of aggressive prostate cancer. PSA baseline values alone could be used as an independent predictor of aggressive prostate cancer. The results of this study suggest that the timing of prostate cancer rescreening can be determined by using baseline values according to the "PSA pyramid": (baseline value) PSA < 1ng/ml: can be rescreened after 6-8 years; 1ng/ml ≤ PSA < 1.99ng/ml, can be rescreened after 3-4 years; 2ng/ml ≤ PSA < 2.99ng/ml, should be rescreened after 3-4 years. 2.99ng/ml, should be re-stratified using existing risk prediction tools.