Varicose veins are diseases of the venous system caused by the development of venous valves that do not close properly, causing venous reflux. Superficial varicose veins occur mainly in the saphenous vein, and varicose veins that occur in the saphenous vein are saphenous varicose veins. The main causes of saphenous varicose veins are weakness of the vein wall and valve defects, and persistent elevation of intravenous pressure. The weakness of the vein wall and valve defects are mostly related to genetic and congenital factors. Persistent elevation of intravenous pressure is mostly associated with acquired factors such as prolonged standing work, heavy physical labor, pregnancy, chronic cough, chronic constipation, and deep vein thrombosis. The main trunk of the saphenous vein starts from the venous network of the foot and extends upward along the medial calf to the knee joint and then along the medial thigh to near the midpoint of the inguinal ligament. The main branches of the saphenous vein are located below the inguinal ligament, before the saphenous vein merges into the femoral saphenous valve, and generally have five branches: the medial femoral vein, the lateral femoral vein, the external pubic vein, the superficial abdominal wall vein, and the superficial circumflex iliac vein. Patients with saphenous varicose veins present with superficial varicose veins in the lower extremities, where the superficial skin vessels are varicose like earthworms, protruding significantly from the skin, and the varicose are in the form of masses or nodules. There is a strange sensation in the limbs: the affected limbs often feel heavy, swollen and painful, and are easily fatigued, which can be relieved after rest. The skin may have a series of symptoms of varicose veins such as pins and needles, itching, numbness and burning. If the disease is long, the skin of lower leg and ankle has hyperpigmentation, desquamation, itching, eczema, liposclerosis and ulceration. Some patients with varicose veins may have thrombophlebitis as a complication, and the symptoms of local varicose veins are red, swollen, hard and painful to pressure.