What is renal puncture biopsy? Renal puncture biopsy has long been commonly used at home and abroad. It is a test method that uses a puncture needle to remove a small amount of kidney tissue from a patient’s kidney and analyze the obtained kidney tissue pathologically through a series of advanced methods such as light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histochemistry, so as to make a clear judgment on the type of kidney disease, the severity of the disease and the development trend of the disease. In many cases, renal puncture is the only method to confirm the diagnosis of kidney disease. Are there any risks associated with kidney puncture? A few patients may experience bleeding, perinephric hematoma, back pain and other discomfort for a short period of time, and very few may experience other more serious complications. However, it is a very mature examination technique, and under the premise of strict control of the indications for the procedure and strict regulation of the operation, renal puncture is still relatively safe. In case of complications, there are measures to treat them. At present, kidney puncture is performed under the real-time guidance of ultrasound positioning, which is like watching the kidney being punctured. The normal human body has more than 2 million glomeruli, and the kidneys also have good storage and repair capacity, generally only 40% of the kidney units are working. And each kidney biopsy only takes about 20 glomeruli for pathological analysis, which will not affect kidney function. In addition, it is customary to think that the kidney is related to reproduction as well as sexual function, which is actually a misconception. The role of kidney puncture biopsy is firstly to help clarify the diagnosis. The diagnosis of kidney disease, especially glomerular disease, is complex, and the same clinical manifestation can come from different pathological types, and the same pathological type can present a variety of clinical manifestations, which lack a fixed pattern among each other, so it is very meaningful to make a correct pathological diagnosis. Secondly, it is used to help formulate treatment plans. For example, in clinical primary nephrotic syndrome, there can be many types of pathology. Nephrolithiasis with different pathological changes have different therapeutic effects and disease regression. Without kidney puncture examination, it is also impossible to draw up a reasonable treatment plan in a targeted manner, which will delay the treatment of kidney disease. Therefore, renal puncture biopsy has an irreplaceable role in determining the diagnosis, guiding the treatment and estimating the prognosis of the disease.