Constipation is divided into: organic constipation and functional constipation, with functional constipation dominating in young adults and organic constipation in the elderly, while a few patients clinically have both.
The causes of organic constipation include.
1, intestinal organic lesions: tumor, inflammation or other causes of intestinal lumen narrowing or obstruction.
2, rectal and anal lesions: prolapse in the rectum, hemorrhoids, prerectal bulge, puborectal hypertrophy, puborectal separation, pelvic floor disease, etc.
3.Endocrine or metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, parathyroid disease, etc.
4.Systemic diseases: scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, etc.
5, neurological diseases: central brain disorders, stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and peripheral neuropathy, etc.
6, colonic neuromuscular lesions: pseudo-intestinal obstruction, congenital megacolon, megarectum, etc.
The causes of functional constipation include.
1, dietary factors.
(1) the intake of food is too little, producing too little stool.
(2) Diet is too fine and less dregs, lack of food fiber.
(3) too little fluid intake, making the stool in the intestine moves slowly, water is excessively absorbed.
2, habit factors.
(1) Some patients cannot go to defecation in time when they have the intention to defecate due to work factors, which leads to poor defecation over time.
(2) Some patients do something else when defecating, such as reading the newspaper, reading novels and listening to music, which unconsciously inhibit defecation, resulting in a lower defecation reflex sensation.
3, activity factors: less activity makes the intestinal peristalsis slow down, intestinal contents through the intestinal tract for a longer period of time, water is excessively absorbed, feces dry, through more obstructed, resulting in a vicious circle.
4, drug factors.
(1) long-term use of laxatives, enemas and other factors can also cause nerve paralysis of the intestinal wall, causing the occurrence of constipation.
(2) lubricating laxatives long-term use will affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, aggravating constipation.
(3) there are some drugs for the treatment of diseases, side effects can also lead to constipation.
5, psychosocial factors.
(1) mentally received strong stimulation, panic, emotional tension, or a high degree of concentration on a certain work will make the intention to disappear, the formation of constipation.
(2) depression and anxiety patients are often accompanied by gastrointestinal dysfunction.
6, the prevention and treatment of constipation: the treatment of organic constipation mainly relies on the treatment of the original disease and surgery, functional constipation by changing the diet, lifestyle, psychological factors, social factors and biofeedback therapy to relieve symptoms. Since our booklet is mainly for health promotion, we focus here on the prevention and treatment of functional constipation.
(1) Diet: Adopt good dietary habits in daily life, and pay attention to the meat and vegetable mix in general. Eat more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, because fiber can promote intestinal peristalsis, change the nature of bowel movements, relieve and prevent constipation. Adolescents should develop the habit of eating breakfast, avoid partial food, and eat less spicy food. Middle-aged and elderly people can eat more coarse grains and brown rice. For patients with normal weight and not high blood lipids, they can eat foods containing oil such as: black sesame, honey, walnuts, pine nuts and other nut foods and vegetable oils to lubricate the intestines, dilute stools and promote defecation.
(2) diet: drink more water, drink 2000-3000ml of water a day, especially a cup of warm water or light salt water in the early morning, and a cup of warm honey water in the morning and evening, can better stimulate the gastrointestinal reflex, to promote the role of relieving constipation.
(3) exercise therapy: young adults to avoid sedentary, such as standing office 1-2 hours during the day, jogging, fitness exercise in the morning and evening, leisure standing can do anal exercise, do abdominal massage before bed, abdominal breathing, etc., swimming yoga are good choices. Keep your mood happy and avoid long time mental depression.
(4) The elderly can do some relaxation exercises such as: walking, jogging, raising flowers, fishing, participating in community recreational activities, playing tai chi, jumping gymnastics, doing abdominal massage and abdominal breathing before going to bed. Physical conditions allow you to swim and do yoga.
Develop good bowel habits.
(1) in the morning after waking up or after breakfast to go to the toilet, regardless of whether there is a bowel movement or can not achieve satisfactory defecation effect, then should insist on going to the toilet.
(2) Concentrate your attention during defecation, do not read a book or newspaper that may inhibit your defecation reflex.