Kidney stones are one of the most common urological diseases in our country, and they are hidden among many people around us, most of whom are discovered only because of painful attacks or check-ups. The painful attacks of stones are usually intense, unbearable and lifelong, and usually require emergency treatment to relieve them. The causes of kidney stone formation are complex. Abnormalities in the body’s metabolism and urinary tract structure, urinary tract infections, age, gender, lifestyle, occupation, and geographic and climatic environment are all related to the formation of kidney stones, and are usually the result of a combination of factors. People find kidney stones in a wide variety of ways. Stones can be seen in one kidney or in both kidneys. Some people have few stones and only one, while others may have many stones and show multiple occurrences, some stones are small, while others are large enough to fill the tubes in the kidney. How are these conditions caused? Generally speaking, when stones first form, a very small core is formed in the defect of the kidney duct, and the core slowly increases in size and falls off into the duct lumen, or there is too much stone forming material in the urine, resulting in the formation of a stone core that cannot be dissolved in the urine, and sometimes the stone mass blocks the duct outlet with the flow of urine or the duct outlet is not smooth for other reasons, resulting in the accumulation of urine in the kidney duct. The more stone cores there are, the more raw materials there are to form stones, the bigger the “basin” is, and the more stones can be formed in the kidney ducts due to human activities.