Simple kidney cysts usually have no symptoms. However, larger cysts will cause the following uncomfortable symptoms.
1, lumbar and abdominal discomfort or pain: the pain is characterized by hidden pain, dull pain, fixed on one or both sides, radiating to the lower part and lower back. If the cyst is combined with infection and bleeding, the patient will feel severe pain and have an elevated body temperature at the same time.
2. hematuria: it may be manifested as microscopic hematuria or meatus hematuria.
3. abdominal mass: sometimes it is the main reason for patients to visit the clinic, and 60~80% of the enlarged kidneys can be palpated; the larger the kidneys are, the worse the kidney function is.
4. proteinuria: usually the amount is not much, not more than 2 grams in 24 hours of urine, so nephrotic syndrome does not occur.
5, hypertension: cysts compress the kidney, causing renal ischemia, which increases renin secretion and causes hypertension.
6. hydronephrosis: If it is a parapelvic cyst, it will cause hydronephrosis in the kidney, causing the patient’s back to swell and pain.
Diagnosis of renal cysts.
Most renal cysts have no obvious symptoms, and ultrasound is the preferred method of diagnosis. If the nature of the cyst (simple or complex, such as cancer) cannot be confirmed by ultrasound, CT examination is used. Simple renal cysts are mostly single-chambered, with smooth cyst walls and thin and uniform cyst fluid. If the cyst wall is of different thickness and has burr, the possibility of cancer is to be considered.
Treatment of renal cysts.
Kidney cysts do not disappear on their own and are not controlled by drugs. Simple renal cysts generally have little effect on a person’s health and do not affect kidney function, so surgery is not necessary and regular review is sufficient (e.g., ultrasound).
When do I need treatment?
1.Cysts larger than 4cm (cysts compressing normal kidney tissues will lead to damage of kidney function).
2. Cysts that are too large and present with hypertension.
3, changes inside the cyst, such as the cyst wall is not smooth and malignant change is possible.
4, the cyst is too large and has back pain, which is considered to be related to the cyst.
There are three treatment methods for kidney cysts.
1, laparoscopic renal cyst depancreation and decompression (minimally invasive).
2, open renal cyst depancreation and decompression (open surgery).
3, CT or B ultrasound guided renal cyst puncture and drainage + injection of sclerosing agent.
At present, the best way to treat renal cyst is laparoscopic renal cyst decompression, which has small trauma, fast recovery and low recurrence rate, and is currently recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of simple renal cysts; the latter two treatment methods are relatively rarely used clinically, especially the third CT or B ultrasound-guided cyst puncture and drainage and injection of sclerosing agent (such as anhydrous alcohol), although less traumatic, but the procedure is risky and has a high recurrence rate and the injected If the sclerosing agent enters the ureter of the renal pelvis, the damage caused is extremely serious and difficult to repair and should not be recommended.