I. People prone to lung cancer.
1.Over 40 years old, especially middle-aged and elderly people aged 50-70 with a history of smoking.
2.Industrial and mining workers, long-term exposure to radioactive substances and those with family history of tumor.
II. Signs of lung cancer.
Cough: about 2/3 of lung cancer patients have this symptom. It can be a mild dry cough or a severe cough with varying amount of sputum. Patients with chronic long-term cough should be alert to lung cancer once the nature of cough changes, such as frequency or the appearance of irritating dry cough.
Hemoptysis: about half of lung cancer patients have this symptom. once smoking men over 40 years old have blood in sputum, blood or small blood clots, the possibility of lung cancer is quite high, which is also one of the early symptoms of lung cancer.
Chest pain: intermittent non-severe dull pain or drilling pain, which can last for several minutes to several hours. If the cancer invades the pleura, the pain will be more intense, persistent and fixed.
Fever: Male smokers over 45 years old with chronic inflammatory lung fever and poor treatment should be especially alert to the possibility of lung cancer.
Mortar and pestle finger: Also known as pestle finger, it is characterized by hypertrophy of the first joint of the finger and toe, and the nail protrudes and becomes curved, often accompanied by pain. Overseas reports show that 21% of lung cancers are associated with pestle finger in early stage, and most of them disappear after lung cancer surgery.
Arthritis: It often coexists with pestle finger. The symptoms of arthritis include burning pain in the elbow, knee, wrist, ankle, and metacarpal joints, impaired movement, edema and tibial and fibular osteophytes, etc. The pain can disappear after lung cancer surgery.
Male female breast: It refers to the enlargement of male breast on one side or both sides as female. Japanese scholars such as Apei investigated 267 cases of lung cancer and found that 7.5% of them had male female breast, which is often overlooked and even misdiagnosed as simple breast enlargement and removed by surgery.
Multiple peripheral myositis: about 85% of the cases appear before the typical symptoms of lung cancer, which manifests as progressive peripheral weakness, loss of appetite, difficulty walking and difficulty getting up from bed when it worsens.
There are methods for early detection of lung cancer.
1.High-risk people should be listed as the key group of lung cancer screening and be examined once every six months to once a year.
2. Middle-aged and elderly people, especially those who are addicted to smoking, should go to hospital for chest X-ray or CT examination in time if they have the above-mentioned suspicious symptoms. It is worth noting that about 15% of lung cancer patients have no symptoms at all in the early stage. Therefore, an annual chest X-ray examination for middle-aged and elderly people is of positive significance for early detection of lung cancer.
4. Unfavorable factors that easily cause lung cancer.
1. Smoking: Cigarettes and smoke contain more than 3,000 kinds of chemicals. Among them, there are more than 40 kinds of carcinogenic substances and more than 10 kinds of cancer-inducing substances. The greater the amount of smoking, the longer the time, the higher the risk of lung cancer, domestic research that the smoking index (i.e., the number of cigarettes per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking) in more than 400, or more than 20 cigarettes per day, people over 45 years of age are considered to be a high-risk group of lung cancer.
Occupational factors: Epidemiological, etiological and experimental confirmation of carcinogenic properties include: inorganic arsenic, asbestos, chromium, nickel, coal tar, dichloromethyl ether, chloromethyl ether, ethylene chloride and so on. Those who are exposed to the above carcinogenic substances in the occupational environment and smoke will further increase the risk of lung cancer.
3.Air pollution: With the development of industry, many carcinogenic substances are polluting the atmosphere more and more seriously. Coal burning for heating or cooking food under poor indoor ventilation can cause indoor air pollution, and cooking fumes and indoor soot may be one of the risk factors for lung cancer in women. The urban-rural difference in lung cancer incidence also suggests that air pollution is related to the occurrence of lung cancer.
4.Ionizing radiation: Miners who are exposed to radon and its daughters in the radiation environment have an increased risk of lung cancer.
5.Other risk factors: previous lung diseases such as tuberculosis.
V. Warning
Lung cancer accounts for the first place in the world in terms of cancer incidence and mortality, and China is the first in the world in terms of lung cancer incidence.
The incidence rate of lung cancer in men is higher than that in women, but in recent years the incidence rate in women has increased especially fast, making the incidence ratio between men and women gradually narrow (about 2:1).
Chinese oncologists predict that the incidence of lung cancer will continue to rise sharply in the next two to three decades, and will become the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China in the near future.
Please take good care of your lungs!