Primary causes: 1 diabetic nephropathy, 2 membranoproliferative nephritis, 3 primary or secondary acute nephritis, 4 severe hypertension (including malignant hypertension), 5 adult purulent nephritis, 6 multiple myeloma Jin Yan, Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, nephrology specialist Causes: 1 acute and chronic infection or endotoxemia, 2 hemorrhage, 3 hypovolemia/dehydration, 4 nephrotoxic drugs or chemicals, 5 hypokalemia, hypercalcemia or acidosis, 6 severe liver damage, 7 hypercoagulable/high viscosity state, Diet: 1 high protein and high phosphorus diet, 2 high fat diet Other: 1 lack of regular follow-up, 2 advanced age (>60 years)