Poor treatment effect on the primary disease: e.g. poorly controlled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, no stone expulsion, etc.
Poor treatment effect on clinical symptoms of chronic kidney disease: such as persistent proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, uremic toxin accumulation, metabolic acidosis, malnutrition, etc.
Poor patient compliance: e.g., irregular follow-up; arbitrary drug reduction, discontinuation, and change of medication; poor dietary control (especially no restriction of protein intake)
Infection: Infection leads to a decrease in the body’s resistance, thus accelerating the progress of renal lesions.
Drug abuse: Abuse of various drugs, especially those with nephrotoxic properties, will further deteriorate the kidney function.