Renal puncture is an examination method in which a small amount of kidney tissue is removed with a fine needle for pathological diagnosis under ultrasound positioning. It is a very valuable laboratory test commonly used for clinical diagnosis of kidney diseases. Many kidney diseases have different pathological manifestations, different prognosis and different treatment methods, but the clinical manifestations are very similar, such as proteinuria or hematuria, so it is difficult to determine the diagnosis based on clinical laboratory tests and general examinations alone, which is not conducive to the clinician to take timely and targeted treatment measures, so kidney puncture is often required. In the diagnosis of kidney diseases, renal puncture has the following significance: 1. To clarify the etiology For example, through renal puncture, it can be determined whether it is primary or secondary glomerular disease, the latter being common in lupus nephritis, vasculitis-associated nephritis and diabetic nephropathy; 2. To clarify the type of pathology To understand the degree of kidney damage According to the extent and degree of pathological damage, it can provide a basis for doctors to judge the prognosis of patients. 3.Guiding treatment For example, in a patient with hematuria, if the renal puncture shows only mild tethered cell hyperplasia, the patient may only need general symptomatic treatment and have a better prognosis, if it is crescentic nephritis, the doctor may have to consider treatment with larger doses of immunosuppressive drugs. For example, in a patient with sudden oliguria, sometimes it is difficult to clarify the cause clinically for a while, and the kidney function deteriorates rapidly. In order to clarify the diagnosis in time, the doctor needs to do a kidney puncture immediately, because it is important for the doctor to choose a medical plan. Renal puncture is a more complex and highly technical test, which usually needs to be performed in a tertiary or higher hospital or with the cooperation of a physician specializing in kidney and pathology. The ability to perform renal pathology is also a measure of the level of diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease in a hospital.