The definition of COPD no longer mentions the name of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, but points out that it is a characteristic disease of airflow limitation, and includes those who were previously diagnosed with chronic bronchitis or emphysema but without airflow limitation in the category of C OPD high-risk group. The category of people at risk for C OPD, while also pointing out that it is an abnormal inflammatory response caused by the action of harmful particles or gases on the lungs, emphasizes for the first time the airway inflammatory character of C OPD. It was pointed out that FEVl<80% expected value and FEV1/FVC<70% are sensitive indicators for the diagnosis of airflow limitation, and they are used as a reliable basis for grading the severity of the disease. The clinical treatment plan of C OPD was standardized. The clinical diagnosis, treatment and scientific research of COPD in China have been standardized, and the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of COPD and the level of scientific research has been improved. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is rapidly and widely used in clinical practice and plays a very important role in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory failure caused by COPD in the elderly. Studies have shown that, with proper use, noninvasive ventilation can also provide effective respiratory support in patients with respiratory failure. In respiratory failure caused by acute exacerbations of COPD, the application of noninvasive ventilation can significantly reduce the use and occurrence of tracheal intubation and shorten the length of hospital stay. The rebound in the incidence of tuberculosis in the elderly has once again attracted widespread attention, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases has brought new problems in the control, treatment and prognosis of tuberculosis, presenting a state of chemotherapy as the mainstay and multiple therapies as a supplement. It is also proposed that accelerated supervised short-course chemotherapy (DOTS); prevention of drug-resistant strains; and widespread implementation of DOTs to reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria are as suitable for use in elderly patients. However, there are no clear criteria for the combination of antibiotics that have a controlling and/or sterilizing effect on M. tuberculosis on old pulmonary TB lesions that continue to be destructive to the lungs in the elderly, but they have been clinically observed to be effective. The treatment of sleep breathing disorder (SBD) is still being explored, pharmacological treatment is still uncertain, restoring and enhancing the function of pharyngeal dilators has become a new strategy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS), and the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP) has been recognized. Second, the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the elderly and the progress of research to achieve the standard The number of hypertension in China has increased to 160 million, the incidence of hypertension in the elderly accounted for 60% to 70% of hypertensive patients, although the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension in China is increasing, but there is still a huge gap with the requirements of the guidelines. The pattern of blood pressure control has also gradually changed, from the previous emphasis on diastolic blood pressure treatment to the control of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in hypertensive patients. Increased systolic blood pressure and increased pulse pressure are the result of increased stiffness of the large arteries. 2003 European guidelines for hypertension announced the indication of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (CCB) for systolic hypertension and geriatric hypertension, thus offering the possibility of treatment of systolic hypertension. However, the attainment rate of single antihypertensive drugs in elderly systolic hypertension is only 50%-70%, and many patients need the combination of two or more drugs to effectively control blood pressure, in which the combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) and diuretics, the combination of CCB and β-blockers and the combination of CCB with ACEI and ARB The combination of CCB with β-blockers and CCB with ACEI and ARB can improve the control rate of blood pressure and also have better organ protection effects. Currently, the treatment of systolic hypertension and the improvement of pulse pressure have received sufficient clinical attention. According to the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertension, Seventh Report (JNC7) or the European Guidelines for Hypertension, the goal of blood pressure reduction in the elderly should be <140/90 mm Hg. The reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) should be emphasized, and in elderly patients with combined diabetes or chronic kidney disease, it is appropriate to reduce blood pressure to less than 130/80 mm Hg. Both JNC7 and European hypertension guidelines emphasize that antihypertensive treatment drugs for the elderly should be started in small doses and proceeded slowly, especially for the frail elderly, to avoid the adverse effects associated with rapid blood pressure lowering. During the process of blood pressure lowering, attention should be paid to the response of the elderly, not only to adjust the magnitude of blood pressure lowering, but also to control the speed of lowering, and to pay attention to the concept of temporal intervention, and preferably to give individualized treatment plans. Dyslipidemia is closely related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and guidelines or recommendations regarding lipid-regulating therapy, both international and domestic, emphasize stratification according to the presence or absence of coronary heart disease and the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Therapeutic lifestyle changes are still considered to be the most cost-effective way to lower LDL-C. The need for drug therapy in patients with dyslipidemia should be considered in terms of both risk and benefit. The higher the risk the greater the benefit of drug therapy, and for those with only 0 to 1 risk factors, the cost is high and the benefit is low. For acute coronary syndromes, early initiation of statin lipid-regulating therapy can significantly improve the prognosis, and when the risk of coronary heart disease is high, pharmacological treatment is very effective. There have been more studies on the ideal target values of lipid-modifying therapy for stratified risk factors for coronary artery disease, but it has remained the same with Tc<4.68 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), LDL-C<2.6>1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL), and TG level<1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dL). Aggressive lipid modulation therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease can clinically reduce the need for revascularization, and in patients who have already received revascularization therapy, the combination of intensive lipid modulation after revascularization is emphasized to comprehensively improve cardiovascular prognosis, establishing the status of lipid modulation therapy in the comprehensive treatment of coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) have become routine diagnostic tools and relatively safe, effective and acceptable therapeutic measures for elderly patients. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has increasingly become a treatment option for elderly coronary patients with symptoms of severe myocardial ischemia and severe coronary lesions with fair left ventricular function, bringing a boon to the treatment of elderly coronary patients. Attention has been paid to the clinical research and interventional treatment of peripheral vascular disease and metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Third, the research progress of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly has standardized the principles of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease hypertension management, systolic blood pressure <220 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <110>220 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg need to lower the blood pressure treatment. Average blood pressure (systolic + diastolic) multiplied by 2 divided by 3 > 130 mmHg should be used carefully with antihypertensive drugs. Treatment principles for reducing cerebral infarct volume after cerebral infarction: (1) aspirin, ticlopidine (ticlopidine) and clopidogrel for small vessel disease; (2) heparin, low molecular heparin and warfarin for large vessel disease; (3) carotid artery stenosis of 70% or more with cerebrovascular symptoms, endarterectomy + aspirin or ticlopidine or clopidogrel prophylaxis should be performed. Stenting may be considered in the elderly with poor general condition; ④ Endarterectomy is beneficial for prevention in patients with carotid stenosis of 60% or more with asymptomatic stroke, and stenting may be considered depending on health status. Research on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome is gradually leading to further studies.