We always encounter patients suffering from female infertility on the internet and in our clinical work asking about the diagnosis and treatment of tubal infertility, so we would like to offer some opinions on this common problem of female tubal infertility. To give a simple example, the ovaries are like a production machine, the uterus is like a container, and the fallopian tubes are the connecting conveyor belt. Perhaps this analogy is inappropriate, but it is true that tubal failure is the most common cause of female infertility. There are many causes of female infertility, of which tubal factors account for 1/3. There are many causes of tubal infertility, the most common of which is inflammation. Some microorganisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can spread to the fallopian tubes and pelvis via the vagina, cervix and uterus, causing inflammation of the fallopian tubes and pelvis. Inflammation causes damage to the mucosa of the fallopian tubes and scarring in women, causing narrowing and obstruction of the tubal lumen and adhesions around the lumen. Tuberculosis infection is also an important cause of tubal infertility in vast rural areas. Endometriosis of the fallopian tubes often causes obstruction of the interstitial part of the fallopian tubes. In addition, alterations in local humoral and cellular immune factors caused by ectopic lesions also affect the normal function of the fallopian tubes. Other factors such as post tubal sterilization, tubal dysplasia, congenital tubal defects, and tubal adhesions will also affect the function of the fallopian tubes. Because of the different causes, treatment should be individualized. The following methods are available for the diagnosis and treatment of tubal infertility: 1. Hysterosalpingography (HSG): traditional HSG has been used in the diagnosis of infertility for nearly a hundred years, and because it is simple, inexpensive, safe and has the advantages of both diagnostic and therapeutic effects, it is still the most common and classic screening method for evaluating the function of the fallopian tubes, and has a certain therapeutic effect on the tubes. It also has a therapeutic role in unblocking the fallopian tubes. The method is based on the use of contrast agent injected into the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes, followed by radiographs to show the morphology of the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes, to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes and to understand the lesions in the uterine cavity and the fallopian tube lumen. There are two types of HSG contrast agents used in clinical practice: oil-based and water-based. In view of the high accuracy of HSG in the examination of proximal tubal obstruction and its relative safety, convenience and economy, HSG is recommended as the screening method of choice for assessing tubal patency. 2. Ultrasound hysterosalpingography (HyCoSy): HyCoSy is performed under ultrasound surveillance by injecting various positive or negative contrast agents into the uterine cavity and observing the flow of contrast agents through the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes and their distribution after entering the pelvic cavity in real time to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes, and also to observe the uterus, ovaries and pelvis. Several studies have confirmed that HyCoSy, as an emerging technique in recent years, is similar to HSG in terms of accuracy in evaluating tubal patency [10], and it can also comprehensively evaluate the pelvic organs under ultrasound guidance, especially in observing the myometrial tissue, adnexa and follicular maturity, which has advantages that HSG cannot match, and it is non-invasive in terms of no X-ray damage to the human body, etc. It is gradually becoming the first-line examination means for infertility. 3.Selective salpingography (SSG): SSG is performed by inserting a guidewire into the fallopian tubes and using the effect of the guidewire to dilate and separate the adhesions in the fallopian tubes and the pushing effect of the hydrostatic pressure of the pushed contrast fluid to directly increase the hydrostatic pressure in the fallopian tubes, and it can immediately perform the dilation of the fallopian tubes that cannot be recanalized by contrast and fluid, so as to achieve the dual purpose of diagnosis and treatment. The advantage is that it not only determines the patency of the fallopian tubes, understands the lesions in the uterine cavity and fallopian tube cavity and whether there are adhesions at the umbilical end of the fallopian tubes as HSG does, but also has the effect of unblocking the fallopian tubes. According to the literature, the success rate of tubal unblocking after SSG is about 70%. SSG can be done on an outpatient basis and is now widely used because of its simple equipment, low technical requirements, mild complications, and low incidence of complications. 4. Hysteroscopic tubal cannulation: Hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of the morphology of the uterine cavity and the opening of the fallopian tubes, overcoming tubal spasm and observing the evacuation situation at any time. Due to its mechanical unblocking plus pressure irrigation effect, it can have an airway separation effect on mild tubal obstruction. Hysteroscopic intubation and lavage of the fallopian tube mouth is more effective in the treatment of proximal obstruction or partial adhesion of the tubal lumen, and the method is simple, safe, economical and satisfactory. 5.Laparoscopy and hysteroscopic tubal lavage: Laparoscopy is usually performed under general anesthesia. After the tubal opening is observed under the hysteroscope, a tube is inserted and Melanoma fluid is injected to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes. The shape of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes and their adhesions to surrounding tissues can also be observed under direct vision. Laparoscopy is now widely recognized as the gold standard method for detecting tubal morphology, patency and pelvic adhesions. However, laparoscopy has certain surgical complications with an incidence of 0.06%-0.20%, mainly vascular, intestinal and urinary system injuries. Moreover, laparoscopy cannot accurately determine the mucosal lesions in the tubal lumen and is performed under general anesthesia, which is invasive and costly. Assisted human reproductive technology: The main method is in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). If the above treatment is ineffective or effective, but still can not get pregnant, couples can consider IVF. However, this technique is expensive and is not yet widely available in some regions. Finally, we would like to remind all women who are infertile that along with active treatment, they should strengthen their exercise, psychological counseling to relieve stress, change their bad lifestyle and acquire correct knowledge about sex in order to increase their chances of conception. It is recommended that when patients seek medical help, they should choose hospitals with good qualifications and reputation. These hospitals have advanced equipment, comprehensive examination, and doctors with extensive knowledge, strong responsibility and excellent technology, which help patients get better treatment. Do not blindly believe in media advertisements and information passed on orally by friends and relatives to avoid receiving incorrect treatment and delaying the condition. At the same time, it is also necessary for both spouses to cooperate with the doctor for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in order to obtain the best treatment results.