Hepatitis B was once regarded as a beast, and the three-step process of hepatitis B – cirrhosis – liver cancer was considered to be the inevitable development of hepatitis B. Therefore, people often talk about hepatitis B with fear. However, after decades of research, especially in the last decade or so, hepatitis B has evolved from a disease that is not easily treated to a disease that can be treated or even cured. He Yongwen of the Department of Infection at Wuhan Union Hospital remembers that more than 30 years ago, the author was a young doctor who had not long entered the hospital. At that time, in the face of hepatitis B patients, only liver protection, enzyme lowering, yellowing drugs in the hands, but nothing can be done about the hepatitis B virus that causes the disease, that is, treating the symptoms but not the root cause. Despite the treatment, we still saw many patients with hepatitis B progressing and gradually turning into cirrhosis or liver cancer. Patients are repeatedly hospitalized, which not only costs money and puts serious financial pressure on the family, but also inevitably leaves them empty, which is saddening. In the past twenty years, the treatment of hepatitis B has made great progress. In addition to many new drugs for liver protection, enzyme lowering and yellowing, there are many antiviral drugs that specifically target the hepatitis B virus. These drugs mainly include two major categories: interferon and nucleoside. The interferon class includes common interferon and long-acting interferon; the nucleoside class includes lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir, tenofovir and so on. These two types of drugs have their own characteristics, and if used properly by doctors, many hepatitis B patients can get good results, their disease can be effectively controlled, and the risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer is greatly reduced. After effective treatment, many hepatitis B patients no longer need to be hospitalized repeatedly as they used to be, but can live, work, marry and have children normally. Some of these patients with cirrhosis of the liver can have their cirrhosis reversed after long-term effective treatment. What is even more encouraging is that some of these patients can also turn negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and positive for surface antibody after long-term effective treatment, i.e. the best effect of clinical cure for hepatitis B. There are already many such patients among the patients treated by the author. I believe that with the progress of technology, the cure rate of hepatitis B will become higher and higher. Therefore, hepatitis B is no longer the kind of disease that is not easily treated in the past, as long as the patient and the doctor cooperate well and adhere to long-term treatment, it is possible to obtain very good results. Of course, there are very few patients who do not respond well to the current antiviral drugs, or even ineffective, so they have to take the next best thing and take liver protection, enzyme reduction, anti-yellowing, anti-fibrotic drug therapy, trying to get the disease under control, slow down the progress of the disease, and wait for better and newer antiviral drugs to be introduced, and then carry out antiviral treatment.