Hepatitis B, known as viral hepatitis B, is a contagious disease caused by hepatitis B virus infection that results in liver lesions. Although hepatitis B is characterized by high infection rate and complex disease, most patients with hepatitis B are still curable, especially those with acute hepatitis B. The prognosis is good and can be cured without sequelae after regular treatment. The severity and outcome of hepatitis B are influenced by many factors, such as the variability and replication level of the virus, the host’s immune function and the intensity and breadth of the nonspecific inflammatory response, as well as other comorbidities and other viral co-infections. Acute hepatitis B is generally self-limiting, and most patients recover clinically within 3 months after symptomatic and supportive treatment, with only 10-40% becoming chronic or carriers. Studies have shown that the younger the age of hepatitis B virus infection, the higher the likelihood of chronicity. Approximately infants and children infected with hepatitis B virus can develop chronic infection, while only 5-10% of adolescents and adults infected with hepatitis B virus develop sexually. Although chronic hepatitis is prolonged and difficult to eradicate, patients with mild chronic hepatitis B have a good prognosis after timely and standardized antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. Severe chronic hepatitis is not easily treated and has a poor prognosis, with about 80% developing cirrhosis within five years and a small number developing hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, most patients with hepatitis B have a good prognosis after regular treatment, especially those with acute hepatitis B can obtain clinical recovery, and patients should seek timely medical consultation to avoid missing the best time for treatment.