Chronic viral hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B) is a disease that causes inflammatory damage to the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus. China has a large number of patients with slow hepatitis B, and is the so-called hepatitis B powerhouse. Many people think that once they have slow hepatitis B, it will never be cured and will develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, so they are worried about it all day long. In fact, this concept is one-sided, hepatitis B treatment is indeed difficult, but with the introduction of anti-hepatitis B virus drugs in the last two decades, we have been able to effectively control hepatitis B virus replication, slow down the progress of the disease, and greatly reduce the occurrence of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and may even cure some hepatitis B patients. Therefore, we should be more concerned about how to treat slow hepatitis B in order to get better results. What are the criteria for good outcomes in the treatment of slow hepatitis B? Doctors usually use the occurrence of a “response” to evaluate whether an antiviral drug is effective. Antivirals may produce a variety of responses: a biochemical response in the form of normal transaminases (ALT), a virological response in the form of decreased or negative HBV DNA, and a serologic response in the form of clearance of e antigen (HBeAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg) or serologic conversion. All these responses help to reduce the incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with other responses, serologic responses can further delay disease progression, although they are also more difficult to obtain. In addition, the efficacy of the drug should be judged from the time dimension. If the above response can be maintained after stopping the treatment, it is called “durable response”. The definitive guideline for chronic hepatitis B, the European Society of Hepatology Annual Meeting Guidelines for the Management of Hepatitis B (EASL Year?) The guidelines also emphasize that treatment of chronic hepatitis B should aim for durable response after drug discontinuation, not just response during treatment. How can treatment achieve a durable response after drug discontinuation? The key is immune control, and to achieve this goal, treatment should focus on both suppressing the virus and improving the body’s immunity. Compared to nucleoside analogs with direct antiviral effects, pegylated interferon not only suppresses the virus, but also controls hepatitis B virus infection through immune-mediated control, resulting in a higher HBeAg serological conversion rate, a more durable response after drug discontinuation, and a sustained reduction in the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous clinical studies have shown that HBeAg seroconversion rates are high with pegylated interferon alpha-2a treatment, and that HBeAg seroconversion rates continue to increase after the end of treatment, with up to approximately 60% of patients achieving HBeAg seroconversion six months after discontinuation of the drug. HBeAg seroconversion with pegylated interferon alpha-2a has good durability, with nearly 90% of those patients with HBeAg seroconversion six months after discontinuation continuing to maintain HBeAg seroconversion one year after discontinuation. In conclusion, it is possible to achieve a satisfactory outcome with effective treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Scientific use of medication has the opportunity to achieve a durable response after drug discontinuation, allowing the disease to go into full remission for a longer period of time in the future, with no further need for treatment.