Rehabilitation of stoma is an important part of improving the quality of life of people with stoma. Its creation and development is a process of gradual improvement, and as people’s requirements for quality of life continue to improve the emerging discipline of stoma rehabilitation will also become more specialized. The development of stoma treatment and the continuous improvement of stoma equipment Colostomy was successful, but there were not many tools and methods to collect stool. The first mention of the use of an “artificial anal pouch” (a “small leather bag”) was made by Dr. Daguesceau (1795), who performed a colostomy in the groin of a farmer who had been stabbed by a wooden plank cart. In 1935, Koenig (Eng.) and Rutzen (Eng.) created the first ileostomy bag. In 1975, H. Feustel (DE) and G. Herring (DE) reported the use of a magnetic bottom ring and a magnetic cap to control the function of colostomy restraint. However, this method was not widely used because of the high number of failure cases due to infection. With the development of ostomy treatment, ostomy equipment has been improved and auxiliary supplies have been created. At present, there are more than a dozen major companies in the world specializing in ostomy equipment, providing patients with a wide variety of ostomy care supplies that bring convenience and comfort to patients. In 1961, Turnbull (USA) first proposed the concept of stoma treatment and care as a new discipline. He believed that stoma treatment was a special kind of care, and that in addition to stoma technique, extra attention should be paid to abdominal stoma care for stoma patients, prevention and treatment of stoma complications, psychological counseling for stoma patients and their families, and various rehabilitation care for patients. He is known as the father of ostomy care and trained Norma Gill, the world’s first professional enterostomal therapist, which was the beginning of his training of professionals in enterostomal care. The first school for ostomate therapists was also born in 1961. In 1962, Turnbull presided over the formation of the American Ostomy Therapists Organization, and in 1969 the Association of such Ostomy Therapists, now known as the International Association of Ostomy Therapists (WCET), was founded in Cleveland. Currently (WCET) holds a worldwide conference every 2 years with full member ostomate therapists and associate members being physicians and ostomy equipment company personnel. Norma Gill was the first professional enterostomal therapist in the world. She herself was an ileostomy with a total colectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis (1954) and has several other family members with ileostomies (mother with a colostomy for rectal cancer and daughter with an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis). In 1958, she was invited by Turnbull to work as an enterostomal therapist in the Department of Proctology at Cleveland Foundation Hospital, where she assisted Dr. Turnbull in training hundreds of caregivers. Enterostomal therapist’s main responsibilities The enterstomal therapist’s (ET) main responsibilities are to be responsible for stoma care, prevention and management of stoma complications, providing stoma-related counseling services and psychological care to patients and families with the ultimate goal of complete recovery, as well as incontinence care and wound care. The importance of stoma rehabilitation treatment has been recognized by the whole society in China. In April 1996, the China Ostomy Association was established in Shenyang with Prof. Yu Dehong as the president. Since the establishment of “Sun Yat-sen University Stoma Therapist School” on February 4, 2001, there are 8 internationally recognized stoma therapist schools in China (Guangzhou, Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Changsha, Wenzhou, Anhui, Xi’an), with 700 internationally licensed enterostomal therapists (ETs), mainly in North, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with Yangtze River Delta region, with 60 in Jiangsu, who are basically active in the front line of clinical practice. In 2000, Prof. Yu received the highest award of the International Ostomy Association (IOA), the Professional Dedication Award, for his great contribution in promoting the development of ostomy in China. He is the third academic to receive this award and the first Asian to do so. The rehabilitation of patients with stoma has become more and more important to the whole society, and the World Health Organization also designated October 2, 1993 as the first “World Stoma Day”, which will be held every three years on the first Saturday of October. “The theme of the 7th World Ostomy Day 2012 is: “Let’s be heard” (let the world hear us). In November 2003, the Chinese Nursing Association established the Stoma, Wound and Incontinence Professional Committee. At present, many provincial and municipal nursing societies have also set up stoma professional committees accordingly. The training of stoma therapists has played a good role in establishing the status of specialist nurses in China. Ostomy and stoma rehabilitation has gone through a long history, and stoma therapy is an emerging discipline. With the development of stoma surgery and people’s increasing demand for quality of life, stoma therapists are inevitably required to be more specialized and to provide comprehensive and total professional care for patients.