Before cataract surgery, we should know whether the vitreous, retina, optic papilla and macula are normal and whether there are any choroidal lesions, so that we can have a correct estimation of the recovery of vision after cataract surgery. The length of the eye axis and the position of the dislocated lens can also be understood. For patients with monocular cataract, a VEP can be performed before surgery to rule out visual impairment due to macular degeneration and visual pathway disorders. In addition, the macular function of immature cataracts can also be examined with visual interferometry.
With modern microsurgery becoming more sophisticated, cataract and IOL implantation is possible as an outpatient procedure. Viscoelastic materials are used as much as possible to minimize damage to the endothelium and other tissues. The indications for surgery have expanded, such as IOL implantation for monocular and diabetic cataracts. Capsule technology, crystal nucleus and cortical treatment technology were developed, new IOL design, size and surface treatment were developed, and yellow IOL was introduced in an attempt to improve the symptoms of glare and visual color field after general IOL implantation.
With the increasing popularity of cataract ultrasonic emulsion extraction and IOL implantation, laser emulsification will also be used in clinical practice, and the research and development of injectable IOLs will certainly bring cataract surgery to a new level.