The main thing is that it hurts! Fear of pain —- endure stool —- stool dry —- more pain. Anal fissure is a rupture of the skin of the anal canal below the tooth line to form a prismatic fissure or ulcer. It is a common anal canal disease that occurs in young adults, children can also occur, the elderly less. According to statistics in Europe and the United States, women have this disease more often than men, and according to clinical observation in China, men are more common than women. Anal fissures often occur in the back and front of the anus, mostly in the back of the anus, and less in both sides. The fissure is linear or prismatic, and if the anus is opened, the fissure becomes round or oval-shaped. Anal fissures are lacerations that occur in the entire skin layer of the anal canal. The cause is mostly due to dry stools. It occurs in the posterior or anterior position of the anus. Both men and women, young and old, can suffer from this disease. The clinical symptoms of anal fissure are pain and bleeding. The pain is characteristic, i.e., sudden cut-like pain during defecation (due to feces cutting through the skin of the anal canal), followed by brief relief, and then prolonged anal pain (due to spasm of the anal sphincter after stimulation). It is common for patients to fear defecation due to pain, and a vicious cycle of “fear of pain —- tolerate stool —- dry stool —- more pain” occurs. The bleeding caused by anal fissures also varies depending on the extent of the torn blood vessels, and it is common to see cases of anemia due to long-term or massive bleeding from anal fissures. If an anal fissure is not treated in time, it can lead to ulceration of the anal canal (fissure fibrosis, also known as old anal fissure), hypertrophy of the anal papilla (polyp-like tumor), sentinel hemorrhoids (skin hyperplasia) and three other conditions, which can also develop into anal sinusitis (chronic inflammation of the anus) and anal fistula (purulent inflammation of the anus). The first three are called the “five features of anal fissure”. There is also the possibility of becoming anal canal cancer due to long-term chronic inflammatory irritation. Early prevention and treatment of anal fissures should be advocated. Some people have never suffered from anal fissures in their lives because of their experience in keeping their stools soft, having a regular bowel movement on time, and not having bad habits of squatting for a long time. This is the fundamental way to prevent anal fissures. Early onset anal fissures can be completely cured by conservative treatment. For example, the use of coarse fiber diet or laxative drugs to soften the stool, with external drugs such as 2% raw skin nitrate water or hemorrhoid bath hot bath, Huanglian cream, Jiuhua cream, etc., if at the same time ask a specialist to help on the drainage strips, the recovery is faster, usually a week to cure. For chronic recurrent anal fissures, manual or surgical treatment is recommended. Manual treatment, i.e. anal dilation, can heal old anal fissures. In Chinese medicine, surgery is divided into ligation, thread hanging and lateral incision, which are chosen by the doctor according to the condition and can cure the “five characteristics of anal fissure.”