Summer is the peak season for anal fissures in women, and can be caused by picky mouths and poor menstrual hygiene. In addition, young and middle-aged people, both men and women, are among the “favored” groups for anal fissures. What are the main causes of anal fissures? 1, occupational factors: long-term standing or sedentary. Because of the upright or sedentary posture, the anorectum resides in the lower part of the body, the hemorrhoidal vein reflux is poor; 2, chronic diseases: such as long-term malnutrition, physical weakness, causing the anal sphincter relaxation weakness. Chronic hepatitis, hepatic sclerosis, diarrhea, colitis, etc. are all triggers for the occurrence of anorectal diseases. Therefore, in the prevention should focus on the patient’s systemic state and take reasonable and effective preventive measures; 3, abnormal bowel movements: constipation is the biggest bane, force to solve the dry fecal mass, will certainly make the anus under greater pressure, resulting in a series of pathological changes such as stasis, swelling, fissures. Diarrhea can also increase the chances of local anal infection, resulting in anal sinusitis, inflammatory external hemorrhoids, perianal abscesses and other diseases; 4, dietary factors: daily life, the quality of food, coarse, water intake, can directly affect the composition of feces, causing anorectal diseases. People who drink alcohol or eat spicy food for a long time will stimulate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, leading to colon dysfunction and a significant increase in the incidence of anorectal diseases; 5, bad bowel habits: squatting and prolonged defecation can easily cause stasis of blood in the anorectum and induce disease. Some people do not care whether the feeling of defecation is strong or not, blindly keep struggling hard, so that the rectum anus and pelvic floor muscles increase unnecessary burden and local stasis of blood, leading to disease. What are the symptoms of anal fissure? Patients with anal fissures have typical clinical manifestations, namely pain, constipation and bleeding. The pain is mostly severe and has a typical periodicity. During defecation, due to the stimulation of the nerve endings in the anus, the patient will immediately feel a burning or cutting pain in the anus, which is called pain during defecation. The pain is relieved after the sphincter is fatigued and relaxed, but the pain occurs again when defecating again. The above is called the anal fissure pain cycle. Patients are reluctant to defecate for fear of pain, which in time leads to constipation and drier stools, which in turn aggravates the fissure, forming a vicious cycle. A small amount of blood or drops of fresh blood is often seen on the surface of the stool or on the stool paper during defecation, and heavy bleeding is rare. What are the hazards of anal fissures? 1, anal fissure without treatment may lead to neurasthenia; 2, severe pain aggravates the patient’s mental burden, affecting rest and causing neurasthenia; 3, anal fissure without treatment may aggravate constipation; 4, fear of pain causes fear of defecation, in order to reduce the number of pain, do not want to defecate regularly, feces more dry; 5, anal fissure without treatment may suffer from anemia fainting; 6, defecation often see fresh blood on the surface of the stool or stool paper. Over time, it is easy to form anemia and even lead to syncope; 7. Anal fissures left untreated for a long time induce other complications; 8. Anal fissures left untreated for a long time can lead to complications such as anal canal ulcers, sentinel hemorrhoids, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas and anal papillary hypertrophy. The method of treatment of anal fissure: 1, sitz bath: before defecation warm water sitz bath, so that the anal sphincter muscle relaxation, can reduce the impact of feces on the anal fissure; after the stool sitz bath can wash fecal residue, reduce foreign body stimulation, reduce sphincter muscle spasm and anal pain. You can use Chinese herbs for fumigation bath or 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution bath; 2, external drugs: Chinese and Western drugs formulated anti-inflammatory and pain relief ointment, directly applied to the fissure, can reduce pain and relieve sphincter spasm, but also available pain suppositories. Generally speaking, fresh anal fissures are treated with raw muscle san and Jiuhua cream; old anal fissures are treated with red Shengdan to dissolve the rot, and then with raw muscle cream or Bletilla cream. Gu Baoqing of the Fourth Military Medical University formulated Shu Anal Cream with anti-inflammatory and pain relief, which can treat acute and chronic anal fissures; 3. Closure therapy: applicable to early simple anal fissures, using methylene blue procaine injection as a long-acting anesthetic, local injection of anal fissures, with the drug injected into the base of the fissure and surrounding tissues and gentle finger massage; 4. Anal dilation therapy: as early as 1829 Recamier reported the use of anal dilation Treatment of anal fissure requires that the tightly bound pectineal band be torn by fingers under local anesthesia to relax the spastic sphincter and improve the local blood circulation in the anus to achieve the purpose of curing anal fissure; 5. Massage therapy: massage of specific tianshu points can promote intestinal peristalsis, relieve constipation and alleviate the role of symptoms, and is applicable to the treatment of all stages of anal fissure with certain efficacy; 6. Surgery for anal fissure. Suggestion: Eat more fruits and vegetables to avoid spicy. In order to prevent anal fissures, it is best to develop a good habit of defecating in the morning. “After waking up in the morning, the person’s body position changes from lying down to standing, plus the peristalsis of the stomach and intestines is enhanced, all conducive to promoting defecation. “Morning moderate exercise such as exercise, taijiquan, qigong practice, etc., can prevent constipation.” After the occurrence of constipation, can be used to lubricate the laxative, but be careful with fruit guide, rhubarb and other laxatives, these laxatives can make stool thinning, but also lead to diarrhea after constipation, aggravating anal fissures. Once a day is the most appropriate stool. If the stool stays in the colon and rectum for a long time, the water is heavily absorbed, and it is easy to dry and constipated. But several times a day, the pain and damage can be aggravated by the stimulation of defecation. In order to make the stool smooth, people with anal fissures should eat more fruits and vegetables rich in fiber and vitamins, and avoid spicy, fried and other foods to prevent constipation. Fruits such as apples, peaches, apricots, pears and bananas, and vegetables such as celery, spinach, leeks, alfalfa, cauliflower, wild rice and bamboo shoots are rich in fiber and vitamins, which can make the stool soft and easy to discharge, thus reducing the stimulation of dry and hard fissure wounds. Sesame seeds, honey, vegetable oil and walnuts can also laxify the bowels and open the bowels. Patients with anal fissures should avoid or eat less stimulating diets, such as white wine, yellow wine, chili, ginger, onion, garlic, etc. These diets can aggravate constipation and make the anorectum significantly congested, triggering anal fissures. Warm tip: Those with serious symptoms should be operated. Generally, after the above treatment and life conditioning, most patients with anal fissures can be cured. However, we often encounter patients with recurring conditions in the clinic. If the fissure becomes chronic, the effect of local conservative treatment is poor, so it is important to seek medical attention in time. Surgery is generally not recommended for patients with anal fissures, but only for those who do not heal for a long time, whose conservative treatment is ineffective, and whose symptoms are severe. As for those patients who do not heal for a long time and have formed old anal fissures or even subcutaneous fistulas, surgical treatment should be considered.