Hip arthroscopy is an emerging surgical technique that has been gradually developed in recent years, and it has the advantages of minimal surgical trauma and rapid postoperative recovery. The first reports of arthroscopy in the hip joint started in 1931, when it was concluded that the hip joint was not suitable for arthroscopic treatment. However, with the development of technology, several authors experimented with it in the late 1970s and early 1980s, gradually achieving success. In the late 1990s, this technique gradually made great progress. At present, hip arthroscopy can treat synovial biopsy, complete synovial resection, glenoid labral tear, exfoliative osteochondritis, synovial chondromatosis, free body removal, ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, chondral lesions, septic infection of the hip joint, osteoarthritis of the hip joint, hip disorders in children, and persistent pain in the hip joint of unknown long-term origin. In particular, the femoral acetabular impingement syndrome is common in clinical practice. Due to the abnormal development of the patient, the femoral neck may repeatedly impact with the acetabulum during hip flexion and internal retraction, resulting in glenoid labral tear or cartilage damage of the acetabulum or femoral head. This results in deep pain in the front of the hip joint, limited internal rotation or pain in the hip joint, and popping or discomfort in the hip joint, often aggravated by activity. Walking on a level path and straight flexion may be tolerated, but impact activities (e.g., walking on inclined paths or stairs, rotational movements) usually increase the pain. Pain may occur when standing up suddenly after sitting for a long time, when putting on shoes and socks, and when cutting toenails. These patients often have difficulty detecting minor lesions on routine orthopedic examinations and X-rays, and the location, extent, and type of injury can often be detected on special postural X-rays, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), or MRA (magnetic resonance angiography). For patients who have failed to respond to conservative treatment, in the past it has often been necessary to perform an incisional procedure to dislocate the joint to manage the developmental deformity, remove the impinging bony prominence and the bony flank, and repair the glenoid labrum. This type of surgery is relatively invasive. With advances in hip surgery, this type of disease can now be treated using this minimally invasive technique. The surgical incision is small and the postoperative recovery is fast. In addition, hip arthroscopy is also a minimally invasive treatment for torn round ligaments, free bodies in the hip joint, and localized degenerative diseases of the hip joint. Hip arthroscopy can be used to debride the round ligament, remove the free body, clean up the damaged cartilage, and treat localized cartilage defects by drilling. The broken glenoid labrum can be partially excised or repaired with a wire anchor nail. Hip arthroscopy is useful for sports injuries of the hip joint, especially for sports that pose a greater risk of acetabular glenoid labral injury, such as ballet, figure skating, golf, soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey. Early minimally invasive treatment can be performed for lesions due to developmental abnormalities. It is of great importance to improve the symptoms, prevent further development of the lesion, delay the degeneration of the joint, and prevent the joint from deteriorating from a small lesion to a serious osteoarthritis.