The fundamental treatment for chronic hepatitis B is antiviral, and the drugs used are mainly alpha-interferon and nucleoside analogs. In evaluating the efficacy of antiviral therapy, it is necessary to conduct hepatitis B virological testing, which includes the five indicators of hepatitis B (commonly known as the two halves) and viral deoxyribonucleic acid (i.e., HBV DNA). Hepatitis B five indexes test results are often expressed as negative and positive, under normal circumstances should be all negative, hepatitis B vaccination or infected with the hepatitis B virus and fully recovered people can appear surface antibody positive, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients show surface antigen and core antibody positive, and there may be e antigen or e antibody positive. HBV DNA is below the detection level is negative, above the detection level is positive. HBV DNA below the test level is considered negative and above the test level is considered positive. HBV DNA below the test level is negative, above the test level is positive. “Hepatitis B negative” is a common concern of clinicians, patients and their relatives, but “Hepatitis B negative” is a general statement, different tests have different concepts, and their clinical significance is not exactly the same. 1, surface antigen negative surface antigen is an important indicator of hepatitis B virus infection, and is also a mandatory item for health check. It is the ultimate goal of treatment for hepatitis B patients, that is to say, the virus infection is completely eliminated. Surface antigen conversion is usually accompanied by the conversion of HBV DNA and e antigen, and hepatitis is completely recovered. However, there are exceptions, which are called “occult hepatitis”, i.e., surface antigen negative but still positive for HBV DNA in the blood or liver tissues, and often with elevated aminotransferases. In recent years, hidden hepatitis has attracted the attention of many scholars. 2, e antigen turn negative clinically, we can divide chronic hepatitis B into two categories, one is e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B, the other is e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B. e antigen is an indicator of active viral replication and high infectiousness. For the first type of patients, when the e antigen from positive to negative, accompanied by e antibody from negative to positive, it is commonly known as “triple sun” into “triple sun”. This situation suggests that the disease tends to stabilize, the ability of the virus to replicate is weakened, and the infectiousness is obviously reduced. Turning “big triple positive” into “small triple positive” is one of the main goals of antiviral treatment for e antigen positive patients, the probability of treatment with α-interferon is 30%~40%, and the probability of treatment with nucleoside analogs is 20%~30%. 3, HBV DNA turn negative Detection of HBV DNA can directly understand the body’s viral content, the higher the HBV DNA indicates that the virus replication is more active. However, it should be noted that, due to the limitations of testing technology, each laboratory has set a minimum detection value, that is to say, when the HBV DNA is lower than this level can not be detected. Therefore, when HBV DNA is below the detection level or negative, it does not mean that the virus is completely absent from the body, but only that the viral load is so low that it cannot be detected by the current state of the art. It should also be noted that various hospitals now use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HBV DNA, which is a very demanding technology, and the results will vary under different experimental conditions, so do not compare the results of different hospitals. In addition, in our daily work, we often come across patients or relatives with HBV DNA test results to ask about the severity of the disease, in fact, HBV DNA reflects only the replication status of the virus in the patient’s body and the infectiousness, while the severity of the disease is mainly dependent on the liver function, even if the level of HBV DNA is high, as long as the liver function is normal, the disease can be considered as not serious, or even just a viral carrier status; but if the transaminase is very high, the condition is not serious, or even just a viral carrier. But if the aminotransferase is very high and there is jaundice, then even if the HBV DNA is negative, the condition is also serious. 4, don’t blindly pursue the conversion We say that surface antigen conversion is the ultimate goal of treatment for chronic hepatitis B patients, but due to the stubbornness of hepatitis B virus and the limitations of drug treatment, so the patients who can achieve this goal are very few, although, with the extensive implementation of antiviral treatment in the last decade, the phenomenon of surface antigen conversion is gradually increasing, but it is still a very small number of patients in China’s huge hepatitis B group. Very few patients. In addition, there are certain indications for antiviral treatment, which are: persistent or recurrent elevation of aminotransferases and HBV DNA positivity. We do not advocate antiviral treatment for hepatitis B carriers because the treatment will not be very effective at this time; we also do not advocate the use of alcohol or fatigue to intentionally increase transaminases in order to be able to use antiviral treatment. We should understand that no matter what kind of antiviral drugs are used, the most basic goal of treatment is to protect liver cells and stabilize liver function; it is wrong to put the cart before the horse by destroying liver function which is already normal. In short, blind pursuit of hepatitis B conversion is not desirable, in the treatment we have to maintain scientific and rational, especially do not gullibly believe the unrealistic propaganda of false medical advertisements, so as not to put a heavy ideological and economic burden on themselves.