Types of scoliosis: It can be categorized into three types according to its nature: the first one is idiopathic scoliosis whose pathogenesis is still unclear; the second one is congenital scoliosis caused by its own skeletal developmental anomalies, which is more common in the clinic; and the third one is secondary scoliosis due to the lesion of the nervous system or the muscle itself, which is called neuromuscular scoliosis. Pathogenesis and characteristics: idiopathic scoliosis, current research believes that controlled by a variety of factors, but the clear pathogenesis is not yet clear. In congenital scoliosis, the onset of the disease is triggered by high levels of carbon monoxide inhaled by the mother during early pregnancy, or by the use of certain medications or ingestion of certain chemicals during the first two weeks of pregnancy, which cause abnormalities in the bone structure, thus triggering congenital scoliosis in the fetus. Idiopathic scoliosis is more prevalent in women than in men, while congenital scoliosis is more common in men. Myth: Many parents of children with scoliosis have the misconception that pulling on the bar will straighten the scoliosis. In fact, pulling can relieve muscle fatigue, but it does not have any effect on the correction of scoliosis, and the treatment plan for scoliosis must be determined with the help of imaging tests. Examination and treatment: Examination If a child is found to have asymmetrical shoulders, an uneven back, a crooked pelvis, or abnormal coloration or hair on the skin of the back in daily life, attention should be paid to it, and the child should go to the hospital to see if the spinal sequence is normal through X-rays and clinical examination. If no deformity is found, the child should be observed regularly and his/her development should be closely monitored. Treatment The treatment options for scoliosis depend on the degree and type of curvature. Most patients with congenital scoliosis require early surgery because the condition is detected at birth. There are three treatment options for idiopathic scoliosis: observation, bracing, and surgery. If the child is found to have a small degree of scoliosis, and the degree of scoliosis is small, then checkups should be done every six months, and if the degree of scoliosis is obvious, X-rays should be taken to check for progression, which is observation treatment. For patients with scoliosis between 25 and 35 degrees and younger than 10 years of age, a second type of treatment, bracing, is usually required. Bracing is a primarily conservative treatment that aims to control or slow the progression of scoliosis, but does not correct it. For some patients, the rate of progression is controlled and the condition does not progress into adulthood. However, for some patients, conservative treatment still cannot control the progression. The third method is surgery. Surgery is recommended for patients with scoliosis of 40 or 45 degrees or more, for whom bracing is ineffective, and for patients who, if left unchecked, will cause changes in spinal function. The effectiveness of surgery depends on the experience of the surgeon and the type of scoliosis the patient has. Idiopathic scoliosis is more effective when corrected surgically. In general, mild to moderate scoliosis is very well treated with surgery. For severe scoliosis, the patient is at greater risk and the corrective effect is only about 50%. There is a certain amount of risk because this surgery operates around the nerves and may cause nerve damage. The best time to operate depends on the age and type of scoliosis present. For congenital scoliosis, the earlier the age of surgery, the better. For idiopathic scoliosis, observation is usually necessary to determine the severity of the scoliosis. Early surgery can affect spinal growth, chest development, and cardiopulmonary development. Post-operative precautions: Post-operative precautions After surgery, it is important to gradually increase the amount of activity, mainly aerobic exercise. Three months after surgery, if you have been immobilized very firmly, you will have no problem with other activities and anaerobic exercise, except for high jumping and long jumping, which should not be done. Review It is recommended to have a review every six months for two years after surgery. If the control is good, the review time can be extended to once a year or even once every two years, mainly depending on the control of the spinal deformity.